英语范文背诵Types of Speech
Standard usage includes tho words and expressionsunderstood, ud, and accepted by a majority of the speakersof a language in any situation regardless of the level offormality. As such, the words and expressions are well defined and listed in standarddictionaries. Colloquialisms, on the other hand, are familiar words and idioms that areunderstood by almost all speakers of a language and ud in informal speech or writing, butnot considered appropriate for more formal situations. Almost all idiomatic expressions arecolloquial language. Slang, however, refers to words and expressions squirrel是什么意思understood by a largenumber of speakers but not accepted as good, formal usage by the majority. Colloquialexpressions and even slang may be found in standard dictionaries but will be so identified.Both colloquial usage and slang are more common in speech than in writing.
Colloquial speech often pass into standard speech. Some slang also pass into standardspeech, but other slang expressions enjoy momentary 尝试的意思popularity followed by obscurity. Insome cas, the majoritygrid never accepts certain slang phras but nevertheless retains them intheir collective memories. Every generation ems to require its own t of words to describefamiliar objects and events. It has been pointed out by a number of linguists that three culturalconditions are necessary for the creation of a large body of slang expressions. First, theintroduction and acceptance of new objects and situations in木醋酸 the society; cond, a diverpopulation 三分钟演讲with a large number of subgroups; third, association among the subgroups and查莉成长日记第一季 themajority population.
Finally, it is worth noting that the terms "standard" "colloquial" and "slang" exist only asabstract labels for scholars who study language. Only a tiny number of the speakers of anylanguage will be aware that they are using colloquial or slang expressions. Most speakers ofEnglish will, during appropriate situations, lect and u all three types of expressions.
英语范文背诵Suburbanization
If by "suburb" is meant an urban margin that grows morerapidly than its already developed interior, the process ofsuburbanization began during the emergence of the industrialcity in the cond quarter of the nineteenth century. Before that period the city was a 先张smallhighly compact cluster in which people moved about on foot and goods were conveyed byhor and cart. But the early factories built in the 1840's were located along waterways andnear railheads at the edges of cities, and housing was needed for the thousands of peopledrawn by
（由……拉动） the prospect of employment. In time, the factories were surroundedby proliferating（增生扩散） mill towns library的复数of apartments and row hous that abutted(v.邻接，毗邻) the older, main cities. As a defen against this encroachment（侵蚀） and to really什么意思enlargetheir tax bas, the cities appropriated their industrial neighbors. In 1854, for example, the cityof Philadelphia annexed（并吞，附加） most of Philadelphia 祈使句英语County. Similar municipalmaneuvers took place in Chicago and in New York. Indeed, most great cities of the UnitedStates achieved such status only by incorporating the communities along their borders.
With the acceleration of industrial growth came acute urban crowding and accompanying socialstress-conditions that began to approach disastrous proportions when, in 1888, the firstcommercially successful electric traction line was developed. Within a few years the hor-drawn trolleys were retired and electric streetcar networks crisscrosd and connected everymajor urban area, fostering a wave of suburbanization that transformed the compact industrialcity into a disperd metropolis. This first pha of mass-scale suburbanization was reinforcedby the simultaneous emergence of the urban Middle Class, who desires for homeownershipin neighborhoods far from the aging inner city were satisfied by the developers of single-familyhousing tracts.
