water supplyThe languages of Germanic peoples gave ri to the English language( the best known are the Angles, Saxons, Frisii, Jutes and possibly some Franks,) . Latin loan wordntered the vocabulary.
Old English – from the mid-5th century to the mid-11th century
人们现在所讲的古英语是长期以来多个殖民部落的方言融合而形成的。在盎格鲁-撒克逊入侵之后，日耳曼语言就取代了大不列颠某地区（现英格兰岛）上本土的布立吞语和拉丁语。凯尔特语则在苏格兰、威尔士、康沃尔等地保留下来。
What is now called Old Englishemerged over time out of the many dialects and languages of the colonising tribes. After the Anglo-Saxon invasion, the Germanic language possibly displaced the indigenousBrythonic languages andLatin in most of the areas ofGreat Britainthat later became England. The originalCeltic languagesremained in parts ofScotland, Walesand Cornwall
拉丁语也在这些地区作为凯尔特教堂用语、受过高等教育的人使用的高尚语言得以保留。拉丁语后来还被凯尔特和罗马教堂的传教士重新引入英格兰，对英语语言产生很大影响。
Latin also remained in the areas as the language of the Celtic Church and of higher education for the nobility. Latin was later to be reintroduced to 裁判 英文England by missionaries from both the Celtic and Roman churches, and it would, in time, have a major impact on English.
作为一门日耳曼语言，大约有一半的现代日常用词具有古英语词根。像 be, strong 以及 water 这些词，都源自古英语。
Old English varied widely from modern Standard English. Native English speakers today would find Old English unintelligible without studying it as a parate language. Nevertheless, English remains a Germanic language, and approximately half of the most commonly ud words in Modern English have Old English roots. The words be, strong and water, for example, derive from Old English.
很多非标准的方言，如苏格兰语、诺森伯兰语都保留了古英语的词汇和发音特点。[5]古英语的使用，一直延续到了十二或十三世纪。
Many non-standard dialects such as Scots 恩泽的意思and Northumbrian English have retained features of Old English in vocabulary and pronunciation.[7] Old English was spoken until some time in the 12th or 13th century.
公元十、十一世纪，古英语受到了属于北日耳曼语支的古诺尔斯语的强烈影响。包括阴阳性的丢失、格的变化（代词除外）。英语大约从古诺尔斯语借用了两千个词条，比如：anger, bag, both, hit, law, leg, same, skill, sky, take 等等，还可能包括代词 they。
In the 10th and 11th centuries, Old English was strongly influenced by theresultin North Germanic languageOld Nor, spoken by the Normen who invaded and ttled mainly in the North East of England. The Germanic language of the Old English-speaking inhabitants was influenced by extensive contact with Nor colonizers, resulting perhaps in cas of morphological simplification of Old English, including the loss of grammatical gender and explicitly marked ca (with the notable exception of the pronouns). English borrowed approximately two thousand words from Old Nor, including anger, bag,both, hit, law, leg, same, skill, sky, take, and many others, possibly even including the pronoun they.
由于公元六世纪晚期基督教的引入，超过400个拉丁词被借用引入英语，包括：priest, paper, school 等词，以及一些较少的希腊语词汇。古英语时期正式结束是在1066年诺曼征服后，诺曼人开始大规模影响英语语言时。诺曼人讲的是一种叫古诺曼语的法语方言。
教师节教师代表发言稿The introduction of Christianity late in the 6th century encouraged the addition of over 400 Latinloan words, such as priest, paper, and school, and fewer Greek largerthanlifeloan words. The
Old English period formally ended some time after the Norman conquest(starting in 1066 AD), when the language was influenced to an even greater extent by the Normans, who spoke a French dialect called Old Norman.
Middle English – from the late 11th to the late 15th century
我们现在所称的中古英语是指诺曼语的影响是英语在受侵略后发生语言大转变的体现。The Middle English we called now means the language producing from Norman influence is the hallmark of the linguistic shifts in English over the period of time following the invasion.诺曼征服后的几个世纪内，诺曼的国王以及高层贵族曾一度流行奥依语，该语言属法语的一种，称盎格鲁-诺曼语。其使用范围甚至扩张到了不列颠群岛的其他地方，并受到北方奥依语方言的影响。商人和较低阶层的贵族曾经同时使用盎格鲁-诺曼语和英语，英语仍然被视为普通人使用的语言。
