⽂学史名词解释120个
⽂学史名词解释120个-英汉对照-按字母排列
1.Allegory (寓⾔)
A tale in ver or pro in which characters, actions, or ttings reprent abstract ideas or moral qualities.
寓⾔，讽喻：⼀种⽂学、戏剧或绘画的艺术⼿法，其中⼈物和事件代表抽象的观点、原则或⽀配⼒。
2.Alliteration (头韵)
Alliteration is the repetition of the same initial consonant sound within a line or a group of words.
头韵：在⼀组词的开头或重读⾳节中对相同辅⾳或不同元⾳的重复。
3.Allusion (典故)
A reference to a person, a place, an event, or a literary work that a writer expects the reader to recognize and respond to.
典故：作者对某些读者熟悉并能够作出反映的特定⼈物，地点，事件，⽂学作品的引⽤。
4.Analogy (类⽐)
A comparison made between two things to show the similarities between them.
类⽐：为了在两个事物之间找出差别⽽进⾏的⽐较。
5. Antagonist (反⾯主⾓)
The principal character in opposition to the protagonist or hero or heroine of a narrative or drama.
反⾯主⾓：叙事⽂学或戏剧中与男⼥主⼈公或英雄相对⽴的主要⼈物。
6. Antithesis (对仗)
The balancing of two contrasting ideas, words, or ntences.
对仗：两组相对的思想，⾔辞，词句的平衡。
7. Aphorism (警句)
A conci, pointed statement expressing a wi or clever obrvation about life.
警句：蕴含关于⼈⽣真理的明智的看法的精练的语句。
8. Aside (旁⽩)
A piece of dialogue intended for the audience and suppodly not heard by other actors on stage.
royals旁⽩：只说给观众⽽认为不会让台上其他演员听到的⼀段对话。
9.Apostrophe (呼语)
The direct address of an abnt or imaginary person or of a personified abstraction, especially as a digression in the cour of a speech or composition.
呼语：直接称呼不在场或虚构的⼈物或称呼拟⼈的事物，尤指作为演讲或作⽂过程中的离题话。
10.Assonance (类韵)
The repetition of similar vowel sounds, especially in poetry.
类⾳，类韵：相同或相似元⾳的重复，尤其指在诗歌中的重复。
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11.Atmosphere (氛围)
The prevailing mood or feeling of a literary work.
12. Autobiography (⾃传)
A person…s account of his or her own life.
13. Ballad (民谣)
A narrative poem, often of folk origin and intended to be sung.
14. Ballad Stanza (民谣诗节)
A type of four-line stanza, the first and the third lines have four stresd words or syllables; the cond and fourth lines have three stress.
15. Biography (传记)
A detailed account of a person…s life written by another person.
传记：由他⼈篆写的关于某⼈⽣平的详细记录。
16.Blank Ver (⽆韵体诗)
Ver written in unrhymed iambic pentameter.
17. Caesura (休⽌)
A break or pau in a line of poetry.
18. Canto (章)
One of the principal divisions of a long poem..
诗章：⼀⾸长诗的主要部分之⼀。
19. Caricature (夸张讽刺)
The u of exaggeration or distortion to make a figure appear comic or ridiculous.
夸张讽刺：为了使⽂中的⼈物显得可笑⽽使⽤的夸张或扭曲⼈物形象的⼿法。
20. Characterization (⼈物刻画)
The means by which a writer reveals the personality of a character.
⼈物刻画：作者表现作品中⼈物性格的⽅法。
21. Classicism (古典主义)
A movement or tendency in art, literature, or music that reflects the principles manifested in the art of ancient Greece and Rome.
古典主义：⼀种在⽂学，艺术，⾳乐领域体现古代希腊，罗马风格的运动。
22. Climax (⾼潮)
The point of greatest intensity, interest, or suspen in a narrative.
23. Comedy (喜剧)
A dramatic work that is often humorous or satirical in tone and usually contains a happy resolution of the thematic conflict.喜剧：轻松的和常有幽默感的或在调⼦上是讽刺的戏剧作品，常包括主题冲突的愉快解决
24. Conceit (奇想)
A kind of metaphor that makes a comparison between two startlingly different things.
奇想：⼀种在截然不同的事物之间建⽴起的⽐喻。
徐立华25. Conflict (冲突)
A struggle between two opposing forces or characters in a short story, novel, play, or narrative poem.爱词霸在线
冲突：故事，⼩说，戏剧中相对的⼒量和⼈物之间的对⽴。
26. Connotation (外延)
All the emotions and associations that a word or phra may arou.
外延：包括单词字⾯意思之外的或被该词汇唤起的全部内涵的意义。
27. Consonance (辅⾳韵)
The repetition of consonants or a consonant pattern, especially at the ends of words.
辅⾳韵：辅⾳或辅⾳模式的重复，尤指位于词尾的。
28. Couplet (双韵体)共建和谐校园
A unit of ver consisting of two successive lines, usually rhyming and having the same meter and often forming a complete thought or syntactic unit.
双韵体：包括两个相连的诗⾏的⼀种诗的单位，通常压韵并具有同样的格律，经常组成⼀个完整的意思和句法单位
29. Heroic couplet (英雄双韵体)
A couplet written in iambic pentameter is called a heroic couplet.
英雄双韵体：五步抑扬格的双韵体称英雄双韵体。
30. Denotation (内涵)
halcaliThe literal or dictionary meaning of a word.
直接意义：⼀个词的字⾯意义或词典意义。
31. Denouement (结局)
The final resolution or clarification of a dramatic or narrative plot.
结局：戏剧或叙事场景的最后结果。
32. Diction (措辞)
A writer…s choice and u of words in speech or writing, particularly for clarity, effectiveness, and precision.
措词：讲话或书写中，出于表述清晰，⾔简意赅对词语的使⽤或选择。
33. Dissonance (不协和)
A harsh or disagreeable combination of sounds; discord.
34. Dramatic monologue (戏剧独⽩)
A kind of narrative poem in which one character speaks to one or more listeners who replies are not given in the poem.
35. Elegy (挽歌)
A poem or song compod especially as a lament for a decead person.
挽歌，挽诗：专门为悼念某⼀死者所写的诗或歌.
36. Emblematic Image (象征)
A verbal picture of figure with a long tradition of moral or religious meaning attached to it.
37. Epic (史诗)
An extended narrative poem in elevated or dignified language, celebrating the feats of a legendary or traditional hero.
史诗：⽤严肃或庄重的语⾔写成的叙事长诗，歌颂传奇中或历史上英雄的丰功伟绩
38. Epigram (隽语)
A conci, clever, often paradoxical statement, susally in the form of a poem.
隽语：⼀个简明，机智，常常似是⽽⾮的陈述，经常以诗的形式出现
39. Epigraph (引语/开场⽩)
A motto or quotation at the beginning of a literary composition, tting forth a theme.
引语：在⼀部⽂学作品开头的引⾔，警句，阐明主题
40. Epilogue (结语/收场⽩)
A short addition or concluding ction at the end of a literary work, often dealing with the future of its characters. Also called In this n, also called afterword
结语：⽂学作品结束时简短的附加或总结性章节，常常关于作品⼈物的未来也作在此意义上也可称作afterword.
41. Epiphany(顿悟)
A moment of illumination, usually occurrs at or near the end of a work.
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顿悟：对现实真谛的顿悟或洞察，通常出现在作品的结尾.
42. Epitaph(墓志铭)
An inscription on a tombstone or in a short poem in memory of someone who has been dead.
墓志铭：刻于墓碑上⽤以怀念死者的碑铭.
43. Epithet (表述词语)
A term ud to characterize a person or thing。
表述词语：⽤来表⽰某⼈某物特性的⼀个表达。
44. Essay (散⽂)
maxtonA short literary composition on a single subject, usually prenting the personal view of the author.
散⽂：内容通常论及⼀个主题的短⼩⽂章，通常表达作者个⼈的观点
45. Exemplum (说教故事)
A tale, usually inrted into the text of a rmon, that illustrates a moral principle.
说教故事:⼀种短⼩的体现某种道德原则的故事性⽂章，通常出现在布道⽂中。
46. Fable (寓⾔)
A brief story that is told to prent a moral, or practical lesson.
寓⾔：⼀种体现某种道德观念或实⽤价值的说教性⽂章。
47. Farce (轻喜剧)
A kind of comedy bad on a ridiculous situation, often with stereotyped characters.
轻喜剧: ⼀种以可笑的情节的为基础的喜剧，通常包含固定的⾓⾊。
48. Figurative Language (象征性语⾔)
Language that is not intended to be interpreted in a literal n.
象征性语⾔：不能直接⽤字⾯意义来理解的语⾔。
南京学校49. Figure of Speech (⽐喻)
A word or an expression that is not meant to be interpreted in literal n.
⽐喻：不能直接按照字⾯意义理解的词语或表述⽅法。
50. Flashback(倒叙)
A literary device in which an earlier event is inrted into a narrative.
倒叙，闪回镜头：⼀种⽂学或电影的表现⼿法，往往在⼀段按正常时间顺序记叙的叙事中插⼊⼀件以前发⽣过的事情
51. Foil (陪衬)
A character who ts off another character by contrast.
陪衬：⽤来反衬其他⼈物的⼈物。
52. Foreshadowing (铺垫)
The u of hints or clues in a narrative to suggest what will happen later.
铺垫：⽤来预⽰将要发⽣的事情的线索或暗⽰。
53. Free ver (⾃由诗体)
Vers that has neither a metrical pattern or an regular pattern.
⾃由诗体：既不具格式韵律⼜不具常规格律的诗体。
54. hyperbole (夸张法)
A figure of speech in which exaggeration is ud for emphasis or effect
夸张法：⼀种⽐喻，使⽤夸张来强调或产⽣某种效果。考研数学三大纲
55. Iambic pentameter (五步抑扬格)
A poetic line consisting of five ver feet, with each foot an iamb--that is, an unstresd syllable followed by a stresd syllable.
五步抑扬格:⼀种诗句形式，每⾏诗句包含五个抑扬格⾳步。
56. Imagery(意象)
Words or ph ras that create pictures, or images, in readers… mind.
意象：⽤来在读者的思维中唤起某种图⽰或形象的词汇。
57. Incremental repetition (递进重复)
The repetition of a previous line or lines, but with a slight variation each time that advances the narrative stanza by stanza.递进重复：诗歌中对上⽂中⼀⾏或⼏⾏的重复，但每次重复都有⼀定的变化，⽽且每⼀节的重复中的叙述都有所强化。58. Inversion (倒装句)
The technique of reversing, or inverting the normal word order of a ntence.
倒装句：⼀种将句⼦正常的表达⽅法倒置的技巧。
59. Invocation (开篇祷告)
A call to a mu, god or spirit for inspiration at the beginning of an epic or other poem.
开篇祷告：在史诗或诗歌的开篇企求神灵给予启⽰的⽂字。
60. Irony (反语)
A contrast between what is stated and what is really meant, or between what is expected to happen and what actually happened.
反语：⼀种建⽴在字⾯表述和真实意义上或期待产⽣的结果和真实的结果之间的对⽐。
