【经济学⼈精读】Sexting：美国青少年的短信⽂化
plot log
原⽂译⽂
Sharing and not caring
分享⽽不关⼼
American teens are xting more and xing less
美国青少年发送⾊情短信（性短信）的频率越来越⾼，⽽有性⽣活的却更少
How to adapt x-ed to a different kind of peril
如何使性教育适应另⼀种危险沪江日语在线翻译
*【题⽬解说】Sharing and not caring：这篇⽂章的题⽬取得很好，⽤了尾韵，很有诗意。同时这也是意味深长，英语常有sharing is caring分享即关爱的说法，这⾥化⽤这个说法，在发送性短信的时候，sharing is not caring，⼀语双关。*注：本期精读原⽂发表于3⽉26⽇《经济学⼈》。
1. BY CONVENTIONAL measures, American teenagers have become prudish. Less than half of high-school students are having x, with fewer partners and more contraceptionthan the generation before them. Teen-pregnancy rates have never been lower. But tho indicators no longer offer a complete picture: online, teens are bucking the trend. In 2019, among 12- to 17-year-olds, 14% repo
rted nding nudeimages, compared with 12% three years earlier; 23% received them, up from 19%. The steady climb may reflect rising smartphone u and changing social norms. What it certainly reflects, says Justin Patchin, of the University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, is that “the current approach to stop this isn’t working.”
按照传统的衡量标准，美国青少年已经变得很保守了。与上⼀代⼈相⽐，现在只有不到⼀半的⾼中⽣有性⽣活，性伴侣更少，他们采取的避孕措施也更多。青少年怀孕率从未如此之低。但这些指标不再提供⼀个完整的关于青少年恋爱的图景：在⽹上，这趋势却正好相反。2019年，在12岁⾄17岁的青少年中，有14%报告发送了裸照，⽽三年前这⼀⽐例为12%；23%的⼈收到了裸照，三年前为19%。这⼀稳步攀升可能反映了智能⼿机使⽤的增加和社会规范的变化。威斯康星⼤学欧-克莱尔分校的贾斯汀•帕特钦表⽰，这反映出“⽬前阻⽌这⼀趋势的⽅法没有⽤”。
2. For a decade, the prevailing advice to teens about xting has been straightforward: don’t. In about half of states it is illegal for under-18s to xt, on child-pornography grounds. Legal punishments for minors are rare, but widely publicid in hard-linex-education literature. One xting-prevention programme in Connecticut, sponsored by the state’s criminal-justice division, warns would-be xters that “your family members are eventually very likely to e any images you nd electronically,” and friends may be “ashamed to be associated with you.” Public-school lesson
plans from one county in Florida are bluntly entitled “Sexting Over the Net! STOP IT NOW” and “Safe Sexting: No Such Thing.”
⼗年来，对于在青少年中很流⾏的发送性短信的建议很直⽩：禁⽌。在美国⼤约⼀半的州，18岁以下的未成年⼈发送性短信是违法的。对未成年⼈的法律惩罚是罕见的，但这在严格的性教育⽂件中却⼴泛宣传。康涅狄格⼀项由该州刑事司法部门赞助的⾊情短信预防计划警告那些潜在的性短信发送者，“你的家⼈最终很可能会看到你通过⼿机发送的任何图像”，⽽朋友们可能会“为与你有联系⽽感到羞愧”。佛罗⾥达州⼀个县的公⽴学校（有关⾊情短信的）教案直接命名为“⽹络性短信！现在就停⽌”和“安全的性短信：不存在的。”
3. Tho reactions are understandable. But they are bad on misconceptions of the problem. “We wasted so much time trying to figure out why kids were xting,” laments Joris Van Ouytl of the University of Antwerp, who began studying the topic in 2013. More important, rearchers now broadly agree, is the context in which children are doing it. Just as it is offline, connt is vital. Things go wrong when teenagers pressure and coerceothers, most often girls and younger teenagers, to nd nude photos; or forward them to someone el, as happens in 4% of cas.
这些都是可以理解的。但它们都是基于对性短信这个问题的误解。安特卫普⼤学的Joris Van Ouytl
flott从2013年开始研究这个话题，他惋惜地说：“我们浪费了太多时间去弄清楚为什么孩⼦们会发性短信。”研究⼈员现在普遍认为，更重要的是，孩⼦们是在什么样的环境中发⽣性短信的。就像在线下⼀样，知情同意是⾄关重要的。当有⼈施压强迫别⼈尤其是年轻⼥孩和更⼩的孩⼦们发送裸照甚⾄转发给别⼈时，事情就糟糕了。现有4%的情况就是这样的。
4. Conflation of abusive and non-abusive xting has led to an oversimplifiedrespon. The onusof most interventions has been on the nder. But Jeff Temple, of the University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, notes that such thinking ignores the fact that xt-nders are often the victims of harassment. It alsolets offteenagers who demand xts or share them without permission, andleaves outthe recipients of unsolicitedones who have been “cyber-flashed”. In some places xting lawslump togetherteenagers who take nude photos of themlves, technically creating child pornography, with adult predators. Some states, including New Mexico and Washington, have begun decriminalisingxting between minors—a good first step.
将侮辱性性短信和⾮侮辱性性短信混为⼀谈，导致了⼀种过于单的处置⽅式。⼤多数⼲预措施都将发送性短信的责任归咎到发送者⾝上。但德州⼤学加尔维斯顿分校医学分部的杰夫•坦普尔指出，这种想法忽视了这样⼀个事实：发送性短信的⼈往往是性骚扰的受害者。这也放过了那些索要性短信或未经允许分享性短信的⼈，同时也放过了那些未经允许
就“⽹上瞄⼀眼”的⼈。在⼀些地⽅，性短信法律把那些拍⾃⼰裸照的青少年和成⼈⾊情狂混为⼀谈。包括新墨西哥州和华盛顿州在内的⼀些州已经开始将青少年间的性短信除罪化，这是良好的开端。
5. “We have to stop being distracted by the fact that xting involves digital technology,” says Elizabeth Englander, director of the Massachutts Aggression Reduction Centre. Instead, she argues, it is “part and parcelof xual development”. The internet has spawnednovel abus with wider-than-ever reach, but they tend to mirror tho in the real world. For instance, more than a quarter of teenagers in relationships suffer “digital-dating abu”, where one partner us technology to snoop on, threaten or stalkthe other; 35.9% of teenage victims have also suffered that offline.
offline.
马萨诸塞州寻衅⾏为防控中⼼（Massachutts Aggression Reduction Centre）主任伊丽莎⽩·英格兰德说:“我们不能再因为性短信涉及数字技术⽽分⼼了。”相反，她认为，这是“性发展的⼀部分”。互联⽹催⽣了前所未有的新虐待⽅式，但它们往往反映了现实世界的情况。例如，超过四分之⼀恋爱中的青少年遭受“数字约会虐待”，即⼀⽅使⽤技术窥探、威胁或跟踪另⼀⽅；35.9%的青少年受害者在线下也有同样的遭遇。
6. Yet most x education is stuck inanalogue. New Jery is rare in covering xting problems in its
curriculum; in December a bill was introduced to incorporate it in Illinois, too. The question that remains is what they should be teaching. To find out, rearchers discusd some anti-xting messages with older teenagers in Massachutts and Colorado. Girls reported being affected by danger-fuelled warnings they had heard in the past (“You can’t control a picture once it’s been nt”); boys, on the whole, didn’t. Even among female students who had found such messages convincing, 40% had xted nonetheless. Ms Englander concludes that just-say-no messages “may work for some, but not many, kids.” Wor, they risk scaring tho who need help from coming forward.
然⽽，⼤多数性教育仍停留在模拟阶段。新泽西州是少有将性短信纳⼊到性教育课程中的州。12⽉，伊利诺斯州也通过了⼀项法案将性短信纳⼊性教育课程中。剩下的问题就是应该教什么。为了找到答案，研究⼈员与马萨诸塞州和科罗拉多州年纪⼤⼀些的青少年讨论了⼀些反性短信内容。⼥孩们说，她们受到了过去曾听到的危险警告的影响(“⼀旦照⽚被发送出去，你就⽆法控制了”)；总的来说，男孩并没有受到这些危险警告的影响。即使在发现这些警告信息具有说服⼒的⼥学⽣中，也有40%的⼈发过性短信。英格兰⼥⼠德的结论是，只说“不”可能对⼀些孩⼦有⽤，但对很多孩⼦没⽤”。更糟糕的是，它们可能会吓跑那些需要帮助的⼈。
7. Some rearchers are proposing an alternative: a tech-savvyversion of “abstinence-plus” education, which discouragesxting but offers strategies to keep teenagers safe if it does happen. T
he goal is to ensure that “any backlash is notirreparable”, explains Sameer Hinduja, co-director of the Cyberbullying Rearch Centre. It would stress that all xting carries risk, but certain strandlevate it: taking a photo with your face in it, with a birthmark, in a recognisable place; nding it to a stranger, storing it on a cloud rver, using an uncured app. And it would incorporate xting into broader conversations about respect in relationships generally. Most experts endorthis approach.
⼀些研究⼈员提出了另⼀种⽅案：⼀种精通技术的“禁欲+”教育，这种教育不⿎励发送性短信，但提供了⼀些策略，以确保青少年在发⽣性短信时的安全。⽹络欺凌研究中⼼的联席主任Sameer Hinduja解释说，这样做的⽬的是确保“任何反弹都不是⽆法弥补的”。它强调，所有的性短信都有风险，但某些情况会增加风险，包括：在⼀个容易辨认的地⽅，⽤你的脸、胎记拍照⽚；发送给陌⽣⼈；储存在云服务器上；使⽤不安全的应⽤程序。它将把性短信纳⼊关于两性关系中的尊重话题中。⼤多数专家都赞同这种⽅法。
8. Laypeople, though, will probably “cringe”, “even recoil” at it, Mr Hinduja admits, “becau it counters everything they have been taught” about xting. Some concerns are age-old, such as that children will as a result have more x, online or off. Others are new. Encryptionmeant to protect minors’ identity could complicate child-pornography investigations. Without a formal curriculum, pare
nts can still talk to their children about how to be good “digital citizens”. But some translation may be required. “When we say ‘xting’, kids know we’re boomers,” says Darren Laur, a 55-year-old former law-enforcement official who now runs a digital-literacy company. “They say ‘nd nudes’.”
美国高考然⽽，Hinduja先⽣承认，门外汉可能会对此“害怕”，甚⾄“退缩”，“因为它与他们被教导的有关性短信的⼀切都是背道⽽驰的”。有些担忧是由来已久的，⽐如孩⼦们最终会有更多的性⽣活，不管是线上的还是线下的。旨在保护未成年⼈⾝份的加密技术可能会使⼉童⾊情调查复杂化。没有正规的课程，⽗母仍然可以和孩⼦谈论如何成为优秀的“数字公民”。但是可能需要⼀些改变。“当我们说‘性短信’时，孩⼦们知道我们是婴⼉潮⼀代，”55岁的前执法官员达伦·劳尔(Darren Laur)说，他现在经营着⼀家数字扫盲公司。“他们说‘发送裸照’。”
精读解析
篇章结构
P1：美国青少年性短信发送率增加。
邯郸辅导班
P2：美国对青少年发送性短信的措施：直接且直接地禁⽌。
P3—P4：⽬前采取的禁⽌措施存在的问题：误解性短信的性质；将侮辱性性短信和⾮侮辱性性短信混
为⼀谈；
P5：性短信并不因为涉及到数字技术⽽和性虐待有什么不同。
P6：⽬前关于性短信的措施并没有⽤，即使是⼀些州将性短信内容纳⼊性教育课程对某些⼈来说并不是有⽤的。
P7：关于性短信新的⽅案：不⿎励性短信同时提供安全性短信的措施。
P8：新措施施⾏会有阻⼒。
重点单词
prudish/'pruːdɪʃ/ adj. 过分拘谨的
And even the prudish standards of the censors are sometimes flexible enough to allow content that might shock children, who are just as impressionable in China as anywhere el.
tupa⽽有时保守的审查者也会过于灵活，让⼀些⼉童不宜的内容出现在了荧幕上，这个⼈群在中国和别处⼀样，都⾮常容易受到影响。
contraception/kɒntrə'pʃ(ə)n/ n. [医]避孕
So did demand for contraception, as women worried that access to birth-control would be curtailed.
避孕的需求同样急剧上升，因为⼥⼠们担⼼她们控制⽣育的途径减少。
buck the trend反潮流；逆势⽽上
But even if organic is not in your budget, you can buck the trend.
但即使你没有考虑过有机⾷品，但也⽆法阻挡这种趋势。
nude/njuːd/ n. (绘画、照⽚或雕塑)裸体adj. 裸体的
in the nude
裸体；公开
nude contract⽆偿契约
They draw the nude figure with careful anatomy.
他们以仔细解剖的⽅法画了这幅裸体画。
varcharhard-line/'hɑ:dlain/ adj. 主张采取强硬路线的；毫不妥协的；采强硬态度的
The deal split hardline and more pragmatic Brexiteers.
强硬派和更务实的脱欧派在该协议上产⽣了分歧。
coerce/kəʊ'ɜːs/ vt. 迫使做；强迫, 强制；(以武⼒、惩罚、威胁等⼿段)控制;⽀配；压制
I was coerced into joining the gang.
我被迫加⼊匪帮。
decriminalize/diː'krɪmɪn(ə)laɪz/ vt. ⾮刑事化；合法化
President Putin has signed into law a controversial bill that decriminalizes some forms of domestic violence in Russia.普京总统将⼀部有争议的法案签署法律，该法案使俄罗斯某些形式的家暴合法化。
a good first step好的开始
lump together放在⼀起；归在⼀起；把…混为⼀谈；⼀概⽽论
We try to lump together a t of inputs and outputs, so as to treat them as a single commodity.
我们想把⼀组进货和出产总加在⼀起，以便把它们作为单⼀商品对待。
leave out遗漏, 省略, 删去; 未顾及, 忽略
eam
A liar may leave out pronouns and speak in a monotonoustone.
wep是什么意思撒谎者会省去代名词，并且以⼀个⾳调说话。
let off放出；准许…暂停⼯作；宽恕
As the companies fail, the markets take note. This lets off steam and ttles things down.
随着这些公司的失败，将会引起市场的注意，从⽽放掉市场上存在的⽓泡，使其运营更加稳定。
oversimplify/ˏəuvəˈsɪmplɪfaɪ/ v. 叙述或说明(⼀问题、事实等)过于简单
The headlines over-simplify the richness of the format question for newspapers.
这些提纲其实过度淡化了报纸版式问题的复杂程度。
onus/'əʊnəs/ n. 责任，义务；负担
onus of proof
举证责任
onus probandin. 〈拉〉举证责任
juiThis puts the onus on the industry and this isn't all bad.
这就将责任归到了⼯业⽅⾯，但这也不是没有好处的。
unsolicited/ʌnsə'lɪsɪtɪd/ adj. 未被恳求的，主动提供的
这超过了主动报价的对⼿康卡斯特(Comcast)提供的650亿美元全现⾦收购条件。
predator/'predətə/ n. ⾷⾁动物；掠夺者；捕⾷者
Terribly stupid predators they're able to outsmart everyday?
还是它们能轻松应对的愚蠢捕⾷者？
