《英语词汇学》重要术语
One:
1. Native words 本族词 Words of Anglo-Saxon origin or of Old English are native words.
jenna haze2. Loan words 借词 Words borrowed from other languages are loan words or borrowed words.
3. Slang words 俚语 Slang words are tho words of a vigorous, colourful, facetious, or taboo nature, invented for specific occasions, or us, or derived from the unconventional u of the standard vocabulary.
4. Function words 功能词 Function words are often short words such as determiners, conjunctions, prepositions, auxiliaries that rve grammatically more than anything el.
5. Content words 实义词 Content words are ud to name objects, qualities, actions, process or states, and have independent lexical meaning.
6. Free forms 自由形式 Forms which occur as ntences are free forms.
Two:
1. Morphemes 语素 Morphemes are the smallest meaningful linguistic units of English language, not divisible or analyzable into smaller forms.
2. Allomorphs 语素变体 Allomorphs are any of the variant forms of a morpheme as conditioned by position or adjoining sounds.
3. Free morpheme 自由语素 Free morpheme is one that can be uttered alone with meaning. 电影推荐
billy billy4. Bound morpheme 粘着语素 Bound morpheme cannot stand by itlf as a complete utterance and must appear with at least one other morpheme, free or bound. expen
dab
5. Root 词根 Root is the basic unchangeable part of a word and it conveys the main lexical meaning of the word.
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历年四级听力下载6. Affix 词缀 Affix is a collective term for the type of formative that can be ud only when added to another morpheme.
7. Inflectional affix 屈折词缀 Inflectional affix rves to express such meanings as plurality, ten, and the comparative or superlative degree.
8. Derivational affix 派生词缀 Derivational affix is the kind of affixes that has specific lexical meaning hand can derive a word when it is added to another morpheme.
9. Prefixes 前缀 Prefixes are affixes added before words.
10. Suffixes 后缀 Suffixes are affixes added after words.
Three
1. Word-formation rules 构词规则 Word-formation rules define the scope and methods whereby speakers of a language may create new words.
2. Stem 词干 Stem is the part of the word-form which remains when all inflectional affixe
s have been removed.
3. Ba 词基 Ba is any form to which affixes of any kind can be added.
4. Compounding 合成法 Compounding is a word-formation process consisting of joining two or more bas to form a new unit.
5. Derivation 派生法 Derivation or affixation is a word-formation process by which new words are created by adding a prefix, or suffix, or both, to the ba.
6. Conversion 转化法 Conversion is a word-formation process whereby a word of a certain word-class is shifted into a word of another word-class without the addition of an affix. kansa
7. Prefixation 前缀法 Prefixation is the addition of a prefix to the ba.
8. Suffixation 后缀法 Suffixation refers to the addition of a suffix to the ba.
Four:
1. Initialism 首字母连写词 Initialism is a type of shortening, using the first letters of words to form a proper name, a technical term or a phra and it is pronounced letter by letter.
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2. Acronyms首字母拼音词 Acronyms are word formed from the initial letters of the name of an organization or a scientific term, and they are pronounced as words rather than as quences of letters.
3. Clipping 截短法 The process of clipping involves the deletion of one or more syllables from a word (usually a noun), which is also available in its full form.
4. Blending 拼缀法 Blending is a process of word-formation in which a new word is formed by combining the meanings and sounds of two words, one of which is not in its full form or both of which are not in their full forms.
5. Back-formation 逆成法 Back-formation is a type of word-formation by which a shorter word is coined by the deletion of a suppod affix from a longer form already prent in the language.
bard6. Reduplication 重叠法 Reduplication is a minor type of word-formation by which a compound word is created by therepetition of one word or of two almost identical words with a change in the vowels or of two almost identical words with a change in the initial consonants.
7. Neoclassical formation 新古典词构成法 Neoclassical formation is the process by which new words are formed from elements derived from Latin and Greek.
Five:
1. Conventionality 约定俗成 It is the characteristics of relation between the sound-symbol and its n: there is no way to explain why this or that sound-symbol has this or that meaning beyond the fact that the people of a given community have agreed to u one to designate the other.
