音乐用英语怎么说Barry Schwartz makes a passionate call for "practical wisdom" as an antidote to a society gone mad with bureaucracy. He argues powerfully that rules often fail us, incentives often backfire, and practical, everyday wisdom will help rebuild our world.
In his inaugural address, Barack Obama appealed to each of us to give our best as we try to extricate ourlves from this current financial crisis. But what did he appeal to? He did not, happily, follow in the footsteps of his predecessor, and tell us to just go shopping. Nor did he tell us, "Trust us. Trust your country. Invest, invest, invest." Instead, what he told us was to put aside childish things. And he appealed to virtue. Virtue is an old-fashioned word. It ems a little out of place in a cutting-edge environment like this one. And besides, some of you might be wondering, what the hell does it mean?
Let me begin with an example. This is the job description of a hospital janitor that is scrolling up on the screen. And all of the items on it are unremarkable. They're the things you would expect: mop the floors, sweep them, empty the trash, restock the cabinets. It may be a little surprising how many things there are, but it's not surprising what they are. B
圣诞节快乐用英语怎么说
ut the one thing I want you to notice about them is this: Even though this is a very long list, there isn't a single thing on it that involves other human beings. Not one. The janitor's job could just as well be done in a mortuary as in a hospital.
吸血鬼日记19And yet, when some psychologists interviewed hospital janitors to get a n of what they thought their jobs were like, they encountered Mike, who told them about how he stopped mopping the floor becau Mr. Jones was out of his bed getting a little exerci, trying to build up his strength, walking slowly up and down the hall. And Charlene told them about how she ignored her supervisor's admonition and didn't vacuum the visitor's lounge becau there were some family members who were there all day, every day who, at this moment, happened to be taking a nap. And then there was Luke, who washed the floor in a comato young man's room twice becau the man's father, who had been keeping a vigil for six months, didn't e Luke do it the first time, and his father was angry. And behavior like this from janitors, from technicians, from nurs and, if we're lucky now and then, from doctors, doesn't just make people feel a little better, it actually improves the quality of patient care and enables hospitals to run well.
酒刺
Now, not all janitors are like this, of cour. But the ones who are think that the sorts of human interactions involving kindness, care and empathy are an esntial part of the job. And yet their job description contains not one word about other human beings. The janitors have the moral will to do right by other people. And beyond this, they have the moral skill to figure out what "doing right" means.
"Practical wisdom," Aristotle told us, "is the combination of moral will and moral skill." A wi person knows when and how to make the exception to every rule, as the janitors knew when to ignore the job duties in the rvice of other objectives. A wi person knows how to improvi, as Luke did when he re-washed the floor. Real-world problems are often ambiguous and ill-defined and the context is always changing. A wi person is like a jazz musician -- using the notes on the page, but dancing around them, inventing combinations that are appropriate for the situation and the people at hand. A wi person knows how to u the moral skills in the rvice of the right aims. To rve other people, not to manipulate other people. And finally, perhaps most important, a wi person is made, not born. Wisdom depends on experience, and not just any experience.
You need the time to get to know the people that you're rving. You need permission to be allowed to improvi, try new things, occasionally to fail and to learn from your failures. And you need to be mentored by wi teachers.
csfWhen you ask the janitors who behaved like the ones I described how hard it is to learn to do their job, they tell you that it takes lots of experience. And they don't mean it takes lots of experience to learn how to mop floors and empty trash cans. It takes lots of experience to learn how to care for people. At TED, brilliance is rampant. It's scary. The good news is you don't need to be brilliant to be wi. The bad news is that without wisdom, brilliance isn't enough. It's as likely to get you and other people into trouble as anything el. (Applau)
Now, I hope that we all know this. There's a n in which it's obvious, and yet, let me tell you a little story. It's a story about lemonade. A dad and his ven-year-old son were watching a Detroit Tigers game at the ballpark. His son asked him for some lemonade and dad went to the concession stand to buy it. All they had was Mike's Hard Lemonade,
jetlagwhich was five percent alcohol. Dad, being an academic, had no idea that Mike's Hard Lemonade contained alcohol. So he brought it back. And the kid was drinking it, and a curity guard spotted it, and called the police, who called an ambulance that rushed to the ballpark, whisked the kid to the hospital. The emergency room ascertained that the kid had no alcohol in his blood. And they were ready to let the kid go.
lug
英译汉在线翻译免费But not so fast. The Wayne County Child Welfare Protection Agency said no. And the child was nt to a foster home for three days. At that point, can the child go home? Well, a judge said yes, but only if the dad leaves the hou and checks into a motel. After two weeks, I'm happy to report, the family was reunited. But the welfare workers and the ambulance people and the judge all said the same thing: "We hate to do it but we have to follow procedure."
How do things like this happen? Scott Simon, who told this story on NPR, said, "Rules and procedures may be dumb, but they spare you from thinking." And, to be fair, rules are often impod becau previous officials have been lax and they let a child go back to an
abusive houhold. Fair enough. When things go wrong, as of cour they do, we reach for two tools to try to fix them.
lost and found
