从09江西高考题考题看高中英语省略现象
09江西卷26）第26题：the hou i grew up ________ has been taken down and replaced by an office building.
a. in it b. in c. in that d. in which
本题从表面上是考察介词的，实际上考查的是定语从句及关系代词作宾语可以被省略的。而学生在处理这道题时大多选择了d,他们也知道考察的是定语从句，the hou是先行词，顾认为 in which 是正确的选项，但却没有把握好定语从句的特征：先行词+关系词，关系代词作宾语可以被省略。所以本题正确答案为b。从这个题目中不难发现省略在高考的考察中占有着比较重要的分量。
在《普通高中英语课程标准》语法项目表中也明确的提出省略是高考重要的考察方向。其实省略在日常对话中是一种普遍现象，使得语言简洁紧凑，避免重复，又不产生歧义，并达到突出中心词的作用。省略的形式从单词、短语到分句等都可省略，而且各有其一定的内在关系。本文针对省略在高考中的考查作扼要的阐述。
一、 不用替代词的省略
1. 主语的省略
(it) doesn’t matter. 没关系。
(it) sound good idea. 听起来是个不错的提议。
(sb)must have gone out. 一定已经出去了。
store是什么2. 主谓语或主谓的一个部分的省略
（i am）sorry to trouble you , but could i ask a quick question ? (2005年天津卷)
对不起打扰你一下，我能问你一个问题吗？
--- are you feeling any better now ? 你现在感觉好一点了吗？
airsupply--- (i am feeling) much better（now）. 好多了。
3. 谓语的省略
some people go to the mountain, others (go) to the aside. 有些人到山上去，有些人到海边去。
begun怎么读douglas could (pay his debt),and must (pay his debt),but won’t, pay his debt.
道格拉斯能还得起也必须要还他的债务，但他没有还。
--- what do you think made mary so upt?
struck---- ______ her new bicycle.
a. as she lost b. lost c. losing d. becau of losing （key: c）
4. 宾语的省略
the institute made the same promi to me that they will make (the same promi) to you.（2009年北京卷-阅读理解）那个学院将会你做出承诺就像对我做出。
橡皮擦5. 表语的省略
压盖-
----are you a teacher? 你是老师吗？
----- no, but i ud to be ( a teacher). 不是，但是我以前是的。
6. 介词的省略
例如 ：you can''t imagine what difficulty we had ______ home in the snowstorm. （2007 辽宁卷）
a. walked b. walk c. to walk d. walking （key:d）
there is no point (in ) saying it like this. 像这样说没有意义。
i am not aware (of ) how he got it. 我不知道他如何得到它的。
he bought two pairs of shoes (of) the same size. 他买了两双大小一样的鞋。
the two girls are( of) the same age. 那两个女孩年龄相仿。
英途7. 不定式的省略
lucky
all i did was (to) turn off the gas. 我只是关掉煤气。
what i have to do is (to ) go there. 我必须做的，是去那里。
8. 连词的省略
it was so hot (that) i couldn’t sleep. 天气热得我睡不着。
tom plays chess as well （as）, if not better than david. /tom plays chess as well as, if not better than, david. 汤姆即使下围棋不比戴维好，也和他一样好。
二、用替代词的省略
1. do.
当需要替代动词、动词加其他成分时，用do.
--- do you have any idea what paul does all day? （2007年重庆卷）maxton
--- as i know, he spends at least as much time playing as he _______。
a. writes b. does writing c. is writing d. does write (key:b)
this robot is suppod to save a lot of labor, but it remains a problem whether it ______.
a. is b. saves c. does d. has (key:c)
2. so 和not
so可以替代单词、词组、句子作expect,imagine,hope,suppo,think,believe,be afraid,e,notice等词的宾语；not替代的否定的句子。如：i think so; i don’t think so/ i think not.
--- you haven’t lost the ticket, have you? （2004年江苏卷）
--- _______。i know it’s not easy to get another one at the moment.
a. i hope not b. yes, i have c. i hope so d. yes, i’m afraid so (key:a)
特别关注：
⑴ 在替代否定的充分时，be afraid to, guess, hope 等词只能接not.
--- the boys are not doing a good job at all, are they? (2003年北京春季)
--- _______. i know it’s not easy to get another one at the moment.
a. i guess not so b. i don’t guess c. i don’t guess so d. i guess not (key:d)
⑵ “not+状语”在对话中的省略
--- the weather is not good enough for an outing, is it? 天气不适宜去远足，是吗？
--- not in the least. we can not have a wor day at this time of the year.
根本不适合。这个时候我们不可能有比这更糟糕的天气了。
⑶ --- did you know anything about it? 这事你以前知道吗?
--- not until you told me. 你告诉我才知道。
试做：--- have you finished your first paper? （2009年陕西卷）
--- .just half of it .how about you?
a .not at all b. not likely c. not a bit d. not yet （key:d）
3. to代替不定式，常和mean, hope,expect,prefer, intend,refu,like,wish,try,allow等词连用,作宾语补足语省略到to.
⑴ --- what'' s the matter with della? （2009年江苏卷）
--- well, her parents wouldn''t allow her to go to the party, but she still hopes to（go to the party）。
--- della怎么了？---- 她的父母不让她参加晚会，但她仍然想去。
⑵ --- you should have thanked her before you left. 在你离开前你本应该感谢她的。
朴海秀--- i meant to （thank her）, but when i was leaving i couldn''t find her anywhere.
我本打算向她表示感谢，但就是找不到她。
⑶ the boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to (ride his bicycle in the street). 那个男孩想在街上骑自行车，但他的母亲告诉他不要去。
特别关注：如果在不定式中含有be, have, have been通常保留be,have和have been
① --- will beckham be a player for our team? 贝克汉姆将会成为我们队的队员吗？
--- he wants to be（a player for our team）, but we won’t take him in. 他倒想，而我们不接受他。
