过去完成时
表示 “过去的过去” “had +动词的过去分词”number_format构成， had通常用于任何人称。
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himlf.
Most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
Most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away
He had worked for 4 years before he became a doctor.
By the year 2000, Tom had learned 3,000 English words.
The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
A. had written, left B.were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
一、通过以上句子归纳以下用法:
（1）主语＋过去完成时＋①when引导的从句(注：从句谓语动词为过去式)
休息日（2）主语＋过去完成时＋②by短语
（3）主语＋过去完成时＋③by the time引导的从句(注：从句谓语动词为过去式)
（4）主语＋过去完成时＋④before引导的从句(注：从句谓语动词为过去式) 例如：
1. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests ______ when he ______ at the party.
A. left；had arrived B. left；arrivedC. had left；had arrived D. had left；arrived
2. We ______ four thousand new words by the end of last year.
A. had learned B. have learned C. learned D. will have learned
3. He had already built his own lab by the time he was ten.
4. He had studied English for five years before he came here.
二、特殊用法
1. . no sooner….than…
hardly(scarcely)挑衅英文…..when………
①They had no sooner got home than it began to rain.
②______ got into the room，______ the telephone rang.
A. He hardly had；then B. Hardly had he；when
C. He had not；that D. Not had he；when
南京新东方少儿英语三、 根据上下文的时间关系来确定用过去完成时。例如：
1. The pen I ______ I ______ is on my desk，right under my no.
A. think； lost B. thought； had lost
C. think； had lost D. thought； have lost
2. Helen ______ her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband ______home. A. has left； comes wilsonartB. left； had come
al qaedaC. had left； came D. had left； would come
四、 It was＋时间＋since＋主语＋过去完成时。例如：
They asked me to have a drink with them. I said that it was at least ten years since I ______ a good drink.
A. had enjoyed B. was enjoying C. enjoyed D. had been enjoying
五、hope，think，expect，intend，mean，suppo，want等用过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望、打算或意图. had hoped/ wished/ expected/ thought/ intended/meant/ suppod/wanted that………表示"本…,而未能…………."= hoped/ wished/ expected/ thought/ intended/meant/ suppo翻译社d + to have done……
They had wanted to help but couldn't get here in time.
We had hoped that we could catch the early bus , but we didn't.
I hoped _________to the party last night，but I had to work extra hours to finish a report． A. to go B．to have gone C．going D．having gone
②－Alice，why didn’t you come yesterday？
－l____，but I had an unexpected visitor．Which of the following is wrong?
A．hoped to B．had hoped to C． hoped to have D．had wanted to
■巩固练习
⒈(2004天津)It was evening ________ we reached the little town of Winchester.
A that B. until C.gbp since D. 世界名著before
2.(2004全国)Several weeks had gone by ________ realized the painting was missing.
A. as B. before C. since D. when
3.(2005广东)The America Civil War lasted four years ______ the North won in the end.
A. after B .before C .when D. then
4.(2005山东)It was some time _______ we realized the truth.
A. when B. until C. since D. before
5.(2006四川)-Why didn't you tell him about the meeting？
-He rushed out of the classroom _______ I could say a word.
A. before B. until C. when D. after
6.(2006福建)-How long do you think it will be __ china nds a manned spaceship to the moon？
-Perhaps two or three years.
A when B. until C. that D. before阿凡达台词
