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Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged? Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick II in the thirteenth century, it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurs to keep silent.
All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life especially, the capacity to survive is riously affected.
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Today no such vere lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is innsitive to the signals of the infant, who brain is programmed to learn language rapidly. If the nsitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills pass and they might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at the right time, but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has pasd.
Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed quence and at a constant age, but there are cas where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ. At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowel-like sounds; at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words. At three he knows about 1,000 words which he can put into ntences, and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar.
Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak. What is speci
因为有你英文al about man’s brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a toy-bear with the sound pattern “toy-bear.” And even more incredible is the young brain’s ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyze, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways.
But speech has to be induced, and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child, where the mother recognizes the signals in the child’s babbling (咿呀学语), grasping and smiling, and responds to them. Innsitivity of the mother to the signals dulls the interaction becau the child gets discouraged and nds out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the child’s non-verbal signals is esntial to the growth and development of language.
>>>>>>习题<<<<<<
1. The purpo of Frederick II’s experiment was ________.
[A] to prove that children are born with the ability to speak
[B] to discover what language a child would speak without hearing any human speech
[C] to find out what role careful nursing would play in teaching a child to speak
[D] to prove that a child could be damaged without learning a language
2. The reason some children are backward in speaking is most probably that ________.
[A] they are incapable of learning language rapidly
[B] they are expod to too much language at once
[C] their mothers respond inadequately to their attempts to speak
[D] their mothers are not intelligent enough to help thempoker face mp3
3. What is exceptionally remarkable about a child is that ________.
omega和alpha什么意思[A] he is born with the capacity to speak
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[B] he has a brain more complex than an animal’s
[C] he can produce his own ntences
[D] he owes his speech ability to good nursing
4. Which of the following can NOT be inferred from the passage?
[A] The faculty of speech is inborn in man.
[B] Encouragement is anything but esntial to a child in language learning.
[C] The child’s brain is highly lective.
[D] Most children learn their language in definite stages.
expert什么意思>背叛英文版
5. If a child starts to speak later than others, he will ________.
[A] have a high IQ
[B] be less intelligent
[C] be innsitive to verbal signals
[D] not necessarily be backward
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