初中虚拟语气

更新时间:2023-06-23 16:21:51 阅读: 评论:0

初中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习
    英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。
    虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。 条件句可分为两类,一类为真实条件句,一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况,故采用虚拟语气。
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ance    如果假设的情况可能发生,是真实条件句,这种情况下谓语用陈述语气。如: If time permits, we'll go fishing together.如果时间允许,我们就一起去钓鱼。
    如果假设的情况是不存在的或不大可能发生的,则是虚拟条件句。如: If you had come yesterday, you would have met that famous professor.如果你昨天来,你就会见到那位著名的教授了。(隐含的事实是:你昨天没来,也没见到那位著名教授)。
虚拟语气的基本形式和用法在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中,主从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。
1. 含有条件状语从句的复合句
  wish(would rather)+宾语从句
  suggest(…)+宾语从句
2. 主 语从句 It is + adj./p.p/n.+ that+ S+ (should) +do
表 语 从句S+is that +s + (should) +do
攀谈同位语从句 S+that +s +(should) +do
3. 定语从句 It is (high) time that + S + did
          用过去式表现在情况
    1. 时态后退型  用过去完成式表过去                 
      两种形式                    用过去将来表将来                   
    2. should+动词原形型                         
内 容 详 述
I. 含有条件状语从句的复合句(以do为例;S=主语)
时    间    条件状语从句    主      句
与现在事实相反的假设    If +S+did…    S+would/should/could/might+do…999句最常用英语口语
墨西哥人 英语与过去事实相反的假设    If +S+had done…    S+would/should/could/might+have done…
与将来事实相反的假设    did…
If+S    should do
        were to do   
S+would/should/could/might+do…
注意事项:
1.倒装句。如果条件句中含有功能词had,should,were时,可以省去If,把功能词提前,构成倒装句。
2.错综条件句。若条件句和主句动作不存在同一个时间,则谓语形式应根据具体情况而定。
3.If there weren't/had not been +…=without…
4.If it were not for…/ If it hadn't been for…= but for…
5.otherwi+虚拟语气的句子
6.虚拟语气的句子,but+ 陈述事实的句子
II. 虚拟语气用在宾语从句中 
sb. did …(希望现在用过去式)
1. wish+that  sb. had done…(希望过去用过去完成式)
sb. would/should do(希望将来用过去将来)
2. would rather后的从句要用虚拟语气。
时 间    从 句
虚拟现在    were, did (动词一般过去式)
虚拟过去    had done
虚拟将来    did (动词一般过去式)
例:I would rather I hadn’t said such unkind things to you. (虚拟过去)
        I'd rather you came here for the answer tomorrow morning. (虚拟将来)
I’d rather you posted the letter right away.  (虚拟现在) 
3. suggest+(that)S+should+do…
表示愿望、建议、请求等主观意向的动词之后的宾语从句,谓语用should +动词原形,should常常省略。
这类词有:decide,demand,desire,insist,order,propo,suggest,recommend,
requested, require等。
注意:
1. suggest 当“建议”讲时,其宾语从句用虚拟语气;当“暗示、表明”时,用陈述语气
2. insist 当坚持“看法或建议”时,宾语从句用虚拟语气;当坚持“某个事实”时,用陈述语气。
artshow 判断改错:(错) Your pale face suggests that you(should)be ill.
成都it培训学校
(对) Your pale face suggests that you are ill.
          (错) I insisted that you(should)be wrong.
          (对) I insisted that you were wrong.contain
III. 虚拟语气用在主语从句中
It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that…等结构的主语从句,谓语动词用should 加动词
原形,should 可省略。
It is    可用的词有三类    that    (should)do
    suggested, ordered, required, propod, demanded, requested, insisted等       
    important, necessary, natural, imperative, strange等       
    a pity, a shame, no wonder等       
IV.虚拟语气用在同位语从句中。
某些表示建议、请求、命令等主观意向的名词后同位语从句需用虚拟语气,其表达形式为(should) +动词原形。
这类名词常见的有:advice,suggestion,proposal(提议),order, demand,desire,request,requirement,recommendation(推荐),plan,resolution(决议), idea等。
eg. We are all for your proposal that the discussion ( should )be put off.
V. 虚拟语气用在表语从句中。
某些表示建议、请求、命令等主观意向的名词作主语时,表语从句需用虚拟语气,其表达形式为(should) +动词原形。
这类名词常见的有:advice,suggestion,proposal,order, demand,desire,request,requirement,recommendation以及plan,idea,resolution等。
eg. My suggestion is that the mayor (should)prent the prizes.
VI. 虚拟语气用在定语从句中
It is(about /high)time +that sb.did sth/should do sth..
  eg. Don't you think it's about time we went home?
注:在this is the first time /cond time that...句型中,从句中谓语动词用陈述语气完成时态。 
eg.Is this the first time that you have visited Hongkong?
VII. 虚拟语气用在让步、方式、目的状语从句中 
1.在带有even if/ even though引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句中,主句和从句都用虚拟语气,动词形式与含有非真实条件句的虚拟语气相同。如: Even if he had been ill, he would have gone to his office. 即使生了病,他俩去办公室。
2.由as if或as though引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时。从句谓语形式为动词的过去式(be用were)或 “had十过去分词”。如: He treated me as if I were a stranger. 他那样对待我,好像我是陌生人似的。She talked about the film as if she had really en it. 她谈论那部影片,就好像她确实看过一样。ulove
3.虚拟语气用在lest(唯恐、免得),for fear that及in ca引导的目的状语从句中。 在由lest等引导的目的状语从句中需用虚拟语气,表示“以防,以免”等意思,其谓语动词多由should +动词原形构成,should也可省略。
eg. He was punished lest he should make the same mistake again.
VIII.虚拟语气用情感语言中 
1.虚拟语气在表示客气、遗憾以及祝愿等场合中,使用虚拟语气。
eg.You shouldn't have been following him so cloly;you should have kept your distance.
2.If only sb./sth. +时态后退型的谓语   
eg. If only I had known the result of the examination.
IX.虚拟语气的特殊用法:
  1. 省掉if的条件从句结构:
    Had you asked me, I would have told you. 
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标签:虚拟语气   动词   条件句   状语
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