“过去分词”用法讲与练
“过去分词”用法讲与练
一、基本概念
1. 分词的定义
广交会英语动词的-ed分词即过去分词，是由动词的过去分词构成，一般只有一种形式。
2. 过去分词的语法作用：
过去分词一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个形容词或副词，在句中可以作表语、定语、状语和补足语。
1) 过去分词作表语，主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。如：
Don’t touch the glass becau it is broken. 不要碰那个杯子，它是坏的。kortney kane
He is quite plead with the design of the dress. 她很喜欢那礼服的式样。
blueprint
2) 过去分词做定语：
单个的过去分词作定语一般放在名词的前面，相当于一个定语从句。如：
The excited people rushed into the building. 激动的人们奔进了大楼。
We need more qualified teachers. 我们需要更多合格的教师。
过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰的词后面，相当于一个定语从句。如：
Is there anything planned for tomorrow? 明天有什么活动吗？
The suggestion made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager. 外国专家提出来的建议被经理采纳了。
过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定语，前后用逗号隔开。如：
The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chine people.这些书是鲁迅写的，受到了许多中国人民的喜爱。
The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success. 这次会议获得很大的成功，共有一千个学生出席了。
3) 过去分词做状语：
过去分词和-ing分词作状语一样，也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。
①表时间，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。如：
liberatedSeen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden. 从山顶上看，这个城市就像一个大花园。四级考试答案
Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cau of the Party.
入党以后，他决定献身于党的事业。
②表原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。如：
Deeply moved by the story, the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other.
激动的人们被那个故事深深地感动了，停止了争吵。
Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle.
受到了讲演的鼓舞，年轻人决定起来从事斗争。
③表条件，相当于一个条件状语从句，有时过去分词前可用if等词。如：
Given another chance, he will do better.再给他一次机会，他会做得更好。
Compared with your brother, you should make greater efforts to study English.
和你哥哥相比，你应该更加努力学习英语。
If heated, water can be turned into steam. 水如果被加热，会变成水蒸气。
④表让步，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。如：
Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber.
尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽，他们还是继续追赶着那个强盗。
Laughed at by many people, he continued his study. 尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续他的研究。
⑤表方式或伴随情况。如：
The old man went into the room, supported by his wife.那个老人在他的妻子的搀扶下走进了房间。
Seated at the table, my father and I were talking about my job. 我和父亲坐在桌子旁边讨论着我的工作问题。
4) 过去分词作补足语：
过去分词可以在e, hear, notice, watch, find, get, have, feel, make, leave, keep等词后与一名词或代词构成复合宾语，用作宾语补语。如：
When will you go to the hospital and have your tooth examined? 你什么时候去医院检查你的牙齿？
When you are making a speech, you should speak louder to make yourlf heard.
当你在作报告时，你应该讲响一点使自己被人听清。
高考中的过去分词形容词化
形容词化的分词已成为近年来高考考查的重要语言知识之一。例如:
(2005江苏卷7) Lost in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police.
(2006四川卷33) Faced with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time.
(2007山东卷26) Plea remain ated until the plane has come to a complete stop.
(2005湖南卷22) Dresd in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.
burying(2006全国卷I 32) Surprid and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize.
(2007湖南卷34)“Things lost never come again!”I couldn’t help talking to mylf.
纵观以上考题不难发现，形容词化的分词主要集中在过去分词，从分词作状语、表语、定语及补语的角度来设题。在通常情况下，过去分词与其逻辑主语之间在语态上已不再体现被动含义，而在句中表示主语存在的某种状态，说明人称主语或事物是什么样或看上去是什么样子, 常见的形容词化的分词有：
located(位于), dresd(表示衣着情况), lost(消失、陷入、迷路等), faced with(面对), ated(坐着的), born(出生的), plead(高兴的), delighted(快乐的), tired(疲劳、厌烦的), confud(迷惑的), amazed(惊奇的), excited(激动的), devoted(热爱、忠实的、专心致志于、献身于), interested(感兴趣的), bored(烦恼的), annoyed(厌烦的), upt(心烦意乱的), impresd(铭记在心的、感人的), satisfied(满意的), worried(担心的), surprid(惊讶的), embarrasd(尴尬的、难为情的), amud(高兴、开心的), depresd(抑郁的), astonished(惊异的、吃惊的), frightened(惊吓、害怕的), relaxed(放松的)等。例如：
Plea be ated, gentlemen!
Shelly, astonished, urged her to explain.
New arts have been born in the cour of the history of man.
His thin face had a worried look.
12月 英文He was lying in the sun looking very relaxed and happy.
I grew excited, red-eared and a little frightened.
We are all very plead about John’s success in his scholarship examination.
She felt confud, even frightened.
He looked tired, and I did not like to disturb him.
【巩固提高】
1. He found Irene ____at the piano with her hands arrested on the keys.
A. having ated
nephilimB. ated
C. being ated
D. ating
2. They went to the ball,____ as pirates.
A. dresd
B. to dress
C. dressing
入托
D. having dresd
3.____ in deep thought, the man stared blankly.
四六级论坛
A. Losing
B. Being lost
C. To being losing
D. Lost
4. When____ with a strong enemy they had always retreated（撤退）.
