SPELLING RULES
hallmarkSPELLING PLURAL NOUNS
1. Most words add s to the root forms without any change (barn - barns).
2. Words ending in sh, ch, ss, x, and z, usually add es to form the PLURAL (bush - bushes).
dirac3. Words ending in a consonant and y change the y to i and add es (party - parties).
4. Some words ending in f change the f to v and add es (calf - calves).
5. Some singular words have different words for their plural form (man - men; mou - mice; goo-gee).
SUFFIXES
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1. A letter or a syllable placed after a word to form a new word is called a suffix. Some suffix
es are s, es, ed, ing, er, est, ly, ful, able, ible, ment, ive, ance, ence, ion, tion, ition, ation, sion, ous, ious, less, and al. Sometimes a word will have two suffixes. For example, respectfully has the two suffixes ful and ly added to the root word respect.
2. Many words are formed by adding ed and ing without any change (furnish - furnished - furnishing).
3. Words ending in a silent e drop the e before adding ed and ing (move - moved - moving).dhaka
4. Words ending in a consonant and y change the y to i before adding ed, but do not make any change before adding ing (deny - denied - denying).
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5. Words ending in a vowel and y add ed and ing without making any other change (delay - delayed - delaying).
PREFIXES
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1. A syllable placed before a word to change its meaning is called a prefix. Some prefixes are im, un, in, co, dis, inter.
DOUBLING THE FINAL CONSONANT
1. Words of one syllable ending in a single consonant preceded by a single vowel double the final consonant before adding ed and ing (trim - trimmed - trimming).
2. Words of two or more syllables double the final consonant before adding ed and ing when the conditions are met: the last syllable ends in a single consonant preceded by a single vowel, and the accent is on the last syllable (refer - referred - referring).
intellectual propertyPOSSESSIVE FORMSnbq
1. Singular nouns form the posssive by adding an apostrophe and s (pilot - pilot's).
2. yugaPlural nouns that end in s add only an apostrophe to form the posssive (aviators - aviators').
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3. Plural nouns that do not end in s add the apostrophe and s to form the posssive (men - men's).
