Iambic foot (iamb['aiæmb])（抑扬格）: an unstresd syllable followed by an stresd one as in the word “prevent” or “about”
It’s time the children went to bed.
We’ll learn a poem by Keats.
b) Trochaic [trəu'keiik] foot (trochee ['trəuki:])（扬抑格）: a stresd syllable followed by an unstresd one as in “football”, “never”, “happy” or “English”
William Morris taught him English.
Double, double, toil and trouble.
Fire burns and cauldron bubble.
c) Anapestic foot (anapest [ˈænəpi:st] )（抑抑扬格）: two unstresd syllables followed by a stresd one as in “comprehend” or “intervene”
I’ve been working in China for forty years.firstname
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d) Dactylic foot (dactyl)（强弱格，长短格，扬抑抑格）: a stresd syllable followed by two unstresd ones as in “dangerous”, “cheerfully”, “yesterday” or “merrily”
The Miracle Play【奇迹剧】
The miracle plays were simple plays bad on the Bible stories, such as the creation of the world, Noah and the flood, and the birth of Christ. They were at first performed in the churches. But after the actors introduced cular and even comical elements into the performance, the priest forbade plays inside the church altogether. The people continued to enjoy them, and guilds took them up. Then the players got into the market places, usually performing on a wagon, stopping at chon places. The plays cover the whole Bible stories from creation to last judgment. But the comic episodes were made much of. There were also homely realism in miracle plays.
The Morality play【道德剧】 (15th-16th c.)
A morality play prented the conflict of good and evil with allegorical personages, such as Mercy, Peace, Hate, Folly and so on. Naturally, Mercy ud to say and do good thins, Folly foolish things. And they contended for the posssion of one’s soul. The morality was therefore a somewhat dreary kind of performance with the endless speech making of tho abstract characters. So into the plays
was introduced another lively personage called Vice who was the predecessor of the modern clown. One of the most popular morality play was Everyman. Everyman is summoned by Death, and finds that he has many friends in life, Knowledge, Goods, Kindred, Strength and so on, only one friend, Good Deed, will accompany him on his journey to Hades.
Alliteration: In alliterative ver, certain accented(重音) words in a line begin with the same consonant sound(辅音). There are generally 4accents in a line, 3 of which show alliteration, as can be en from the above quotation.
Ballad: The most important department of English folk literature is the ballad which is a story told in song, usually in 4-line stanzas(诗节), with the cond and fourth lines rhymed. The subjects of ballads are various in kind, as the struggle of young lovers against their feudal-minded families, the conflict between
love and wealth, the cruelty of jealousy, the criticism of the civil war, and the matters and class struggle. The paramount(卓越的) important ballad is Robin Hood(《绿林好汉》).
[1] Heroic couplet: They are poetry compod in iambic pentameter. In this form of poetry, lines consisting of five iambic feet rime together in pairs. The rime scheme :aa bb cc …..
csr是什么意思[2] Renaissance: Renaissance marks the transition from the medieval to the modern world. It first started in Italy in the 14th century and gradually spread all over Europe. The word “Renaissance” means rebirth or revival. In esnce, it is a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers and scholars made attempts to get rid of tho old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe and introduce new ideas that expresd the interests of the rising bourgeoisie, and to lift the restriction in all areas placed by the Roman Catholic Church authorities. Two features of renaissance: It is a thirsting curiosity for the classical literature. People learned to admire the Greek and Latin works as models of literary form. It is the keen interest in the activities of humanity.
[3] Sonnet: A lyric poem of fourteen lines who ryhme scheme is fixed. The rhyme scheme in the Italian form as typified in the sonnets of Petrarch is abbaabba cdecde. The Petrarchian sonnet has two divisions: the first is of eight lines (the octave), and the cond is of six lines (the stet). The rhyme scheme of the English, or Shakespearean sonnet is abab cdcd efef gg. The change of rhyme in the English sonnet is coincidental with a change of theme in the poem. The meter is iambic pentameter. brave
考研作文模板[4] Blank ver: A poem written in unrhymed iambic pentameter.
[5] Spenrian Stanza: Spenr invented a new ver form for his poem. The ver form has been called "Spenrian Stanza" since his day. Each stanza has nine lines, each of the first eight lines is in iambic pentameter form, and the ninth line is an iambic hexameter line. The rhythm scheme is abab bcbc c. 大学英语课文翻译
[1] Stanza: A term derived from an Italian word for "room" or "stopping place" and ud, looly, to designate any grouping of lines in a parate unit in a poem: a ver paragraph. More strictly, a stanza is a grouping of a prescribed number of lines in a given meter, usually with a particular rhyme scheme, repeated as a unit of structure. Poems in stanzas provide an instance of the aesthetic pleasure in repetition with a difference that also underlies the metrical and rhyming elements of poetry.
Blank ver 【无韵诗】
Blank ver is a type of poetry, distinguished by having a regular meter, but no rhyme. In English, the meter most commonly ud with blank ver has been iambic pentameter.
The first known u of blank ver in the English language was by Henry Howard, Earl of Arundel and Surrey in his interpretation of the Æneid (c. 1554). He was possibly inspired by the Latin original,
as classic
al Latin ver (as well as Greek ver) did not u rhyme; he may have been inspired by the Italian ver form of versi sciolti, which also contained no rhyme.
无韵诗 [blank ver]
指不押韵的抑扬五音步诗行，是英语中卓越的戏剧诗和叙事诗形式，也是用意大利语和德语写成的戏剧诗的标准形式。无韵诗于16世纪和其他古典诗律一起被引入意大利，从无韵的希腊和拉丁英雄诗变通而来，后来传到英国，莎士比亚就是用无韵诗写出英国最伟大的诗体戏剧。无韵诗一度受到贬低，后又因J.弥尔顿的《失乐园》(1667)而恢复其先前的宏伟气派。
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Free ver 【自由诗】
Free ver (or vers libre) is a style of poetry that is bad on cadences that are more irregular than tho of traditional poetic meter. While traditional poetic forms are bad on fixed stress-patterns and syllable counts, free ver is not constrained to u a fixed number of syllables for each line, and distributes its stress accents in irregular patterns. Free ver may or may not u rhyme. When i
t is ud, it tends to follow a loor pattern than would be expected in formal ver. Basically the Free ver poem is a poem that does not constrain the writer from using a certain amount of words. It us poetic devices and descriptive words to convey emotions or anything el, relying on diction and syntax more than rhythm and rhyme.
自由诗 [free ver]
文学
按照语言的抑扬顿挫和意象模式，而不是按照固定韵律写出的诗。它的韵律建立在音素、语词、短语、句子和段落等形式的基础上，而不是建立在音步传统格律单位上。因此，自由诗消除了很多不自然的成分和诗体表现的某些审美差距。20世纪初，在英国诗法中自由诗已经流行。
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格律 [meter]
在诗歌中，指一诗行的节奏形式。人们设想出各种不同原则，把诗句组织成有节奏的单元。音量诗体，即古希腊和拉丁诗歌的格律，在朗读音节时只管发音时间的长短，而不管他们是否重读。长短音节的不同配合构成基本的节奏单元。音节诗体最常见于重音不明显的语言，如法语和日语。它以一行
诗中固定数量的音节为基础。重音诗体，出现在重音强烈的语言中，如日耳曼语。它只计诗行内重音或重读音节的数目。重音-音节诗体是英文诗的常见格式，它把音节算法和重音算法结合起来。英诗中最常见的格律，即抑扬格五音步格，就是有10个音节或5个抑扬格音步的诗句。每一抑扬格音步都是一个非重读音节后面跟一个重读音节。自由诗则没有遵循规则的韵律形式。
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Iamb 【抑扬格】
An iamb is a metrical foot ud in formal poe
try. It is characterid by a short (unstresd) syllable followed by a long (stresd) one. The opposite is a trochee, which is characterid by a long syllable followed by a short one.
Iambic pentameter is one of the most powerful measures in English and German poetry.
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Trochee 【扬抑格】
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A trochee is a metrical foot ud in formal poetry. It consists of a long syllable followed by a short one.
Apart from the famous ca of Longfellow's Hiawatha, this metre is rare in English ver, except with an extra long syllable added to each line, as in this example from Tennyson:
Go not, happy day,
From the shining fields;
美国大学托福成绩
Go not, happy day,
Till the maiden yields.
Perhaps owing to its simplicity, though, trochaic meter is fairly common in children's rhymes:
Peter, Peter pumpkin-eater
Had a wife and couldn't keep her.
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Anapaest 【抑抑扬格】
An anapaest or anapest is a metrical foot ud in formal poetry. It consists of two short syllables followed by a long one (as in a-na-paest). It may be en as a reverd dactyl.
Here is an example from Cowper, a line with three anapaestic feet:
星号键I am out of humanity's reach
Becau of its length and the fact that it ends with a stresd syllable and so allows for strong rhymes, anapaest can produce a very rolling, galloping feeling ver, and allows for long lines with a great deal of internal complexity. The following is from Byron's The Destruction of Sennacherib:
The Assyrian came down like a wolf on the fold
And his cohorts were gleaming in purple and gold
And the sheen of their spears was like stars on the a
When the blue wave rolls nightly on deep Galilee.
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Dactyl【扬抑抑格】
A dactylic foot is similar to an anapest, except reverd – a stresd syllable is followed by two unstresd ones:
One for the master, and one for the dame.
Lulled by coil of his crystalline streams
Touched her not scornfully;
Think of her mournfully.
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Spondee【扬扬格】
In poetry, a spondee is a metrical foot consisting of two long syllables. This makes it a unique type of metre in English ver as all the other metric forms contain no more than one long syllable.
It is impossible to construct a whole, rious poem with spondees. Conquently, spondees mainly occur as variants within, say, an anapaestic structure.
E .g. White founts falling in the courts of the sun
And the Soldan of Byzantium is smiling as they run;
----------------------------------------------------Pyrrhic【抑抑格】
A pyrrhic is a metrical foot ud in formal poetry. It consists of two short syllables. It is also known as a dibrach.
Pyrrhics are never ud to construct a whole, rious poem.
< And a black-back gull bent like an iron bar slowly.The wind flun
g a magpie away and a black-
Black gull bent like an iron bar slowly. (Ted Hughes, t
