专八英译汉部分
第一 常见逻辑错误分析
英译汉第一篇
原文
On May 13, 1940, Winston Churchill, the newly appointed British Prime Minister, gave his first speech to Parliament. He was preparing the people for a long battle against Nazi aggression, at a time when English survival was still in doubt.
“…I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat. We have before us an ordeal of the most grievous kind. We have before us many, many months of struggle and suffering.
You ask, what is our policy? I say it is to wage war by land, a and air. War with all our might and with all the strength God has given us, and to wage war against a monstrous tyranny never surpasd in the dark and lamentable catalogue of human crime.
You ask, what is our aim? I can answer in one word, It is victory. Victory at all costs-victory in spite of all terrors-victory, however long and hard the road may be, for without victory there is no survival.
Let that be realized. No survival for the British Empire, no survival for all that the British Empire has stood for, no survival for the urge, the impul of the ages, that mankind shall move forward toward his goal.”
问题1 下笔匆匆,不顾原文逻辑大背景
上述原文选自英国前首相温斯顿丘吉尔在1940年5月31日的题为“Blood, Sweat and Tears”的就职演说,对于正处于二战生死存亡关头的英国人民而言,该演说无疑具有极大的鼓舞力。
不少考生不认真看划线部分之前的背景介绍,导致最后一句的失分率极高“No survival for the British Empire”许多考生译为 “让大英帝国灭亡”“不为英帝国而活”如果将该句的理解纳入大背景的逻辑思维中,考生就不会出现以上问题了。
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问题2 漏译词语导致逻辑缺损
语言是思维的载体,而思维之逻辑性往往体现于其流畅,就像一根链条,一个环节紧接一个环节,组成了“逻辑链”。在很多情况下,漏译就等于取走了“逻辑链”中的一个环节。这样,译文就不只是意义有所缺失,而且形成了逻辑缺损。
I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat. We have before us an ordeal of the most grievous kind. We have before us many, many months of struggle and suffering.
turn over
译文1:我所能奉献的唯有热血、辛劳、眼泪和汗水, 我们所面临的将是一场极其严酷的考验,将是旷日持久的斗争和苦难。
译文2:我除了有血有肉,有泪有汗,一无所有。我们面前有最为痛苦的磨难,我们要面对长年累月的斗争和受苦。
译文3:我除了血液、眼泪和汗水以外,就没有什么可以贡献的了。我们面临悲伤的时刻。我们面临太多太多的痛苦与挣扎。
较好译文:我没有什么可以奉献,只有热血、苦力、泪水和汗水。我们面对的是最为惨烈的考验。我们面对的是经年累月的、艰苦卓绝的斗争。
第三个问题 忽视词语逻辑背景, trunks导致词义张冠李戴
英语多义词词义之“多”远超汉语。英汉翻译,译者几乎无时无刻不在选择词义。人们的共识是:词义的选择依靠上下文。其实,上下文仅仅是“硬件”,而在上下文中抉择词义,真正依靠的还是“软件”,也就是译者的逻辑思维。要知道,逻辑可不容词义的张冠李戴。
You ask, what is our policy? I say it is to wage war by land, a and air. War with all our might and with all the strength God has given us, and to wage war against a monstrous tyranny never surpasd in the dark and lamentable catalogue of human crime.
译文1:你问,警察是什么?我回答,是与土地、海洋和空气作斗争。我们会用上帝给予我们的一切力量去进行一场针对暴政战争,那暴政在黑暗悲哀的人类罪行的记录中是史无前例的。
译文2pocketchip:你会问,我们的保险单是什么?我会说这是由土地、海洋、领空引来的工资之战。我们以上帝给我们的勇气去战斗,去和人类历史上最为残暴的暴政进行殊死的搏斗.
较好译文:你们也许会问,我们的对策是什么?我认为那就是从海陆空发动一场全面的战争,一场竭尽我们所能、竭尽上帝所赐予我们的全部力量的战争,一场与人类罪行簿上最黑暗、最可悲的凶残暴政相较量的战争。
第四个问题 不识省略造成译误,逻辑思维可助补缺
省略是语言的共性。汉语行文有省略,英语之省略则有过之而无不及。在英译汉过程中,如何敏锐识别原文中的省略成分,就显得格外重要。否则,就很可能造成误译。
verbalYou ask, what is our aim? I can answer in one word, It is victory. Victory at all costs-victory in spite of all terrors-victory, however long and hard the road may be, for without victory there is no survival.
译文1:你会问,我们的目标是什么?我会用一个词来回答一胜利。不惜任何代价的胜利,无论充满各种恐怖事件,因为不战斗就意味着灭亡。bust
译文2:有人问,目的是什么?我用一个词就可以概括,那就是胜利。胜利就是一切。——没有牺牲的胜利——因为没有胜利就不能继续活下去。
较好译文:你们也许会问,我们的目的是什么?我可以用一个词来回答,那就是胜利权威留学中介——不惜付出一切代价的胜利,藐视一切恐怖的胜利。这是因为,没有胜利就没有我们的生存。
(四皮肤怎么补水)胡译原文——不看逻辑背景乱译成谬。
Let that be realized. No survival for the British Empire, no survival for all that the British Empire has stood for, no survival for the urge, the impul of the ages, that mankind shall move forward toward his goal.
译文1:我们务必认识到,没有胜利就不复有大英帝国,没有胜利就不复有大英帝国所象征的一切,没有胜利就不复有多少世纪以来的强烈要求和冲动:人类应当向自己的目标迈进
译文2:大家清醒吧。只有让大英帝国灭亡,让英国抱有的幻想破灭,让时代的紧迫感和冲击力消亡,人们才能实现他的目标。jingle
译文3treat or trick:让我们清醒地记住,不为英帝国而活,不为英国的象征而活,不为匆忙度日而活,人类要向着自己的目标前进。
较好译文:大家必须认识到这一点:没有胜利,就没有大英帝国的存在,就没有大英帝国所代表的一切的存在,就没有时代策动力的存在,就没有我们人类应该向着这个目标的迈进!
第二 如何提升自己的译文
判卷老师除了关注你对原文的理解是否正确外,还会看一下你的译文是否是美文。我们知道,大部分英译汉都是美文翻译,因此你的汉语文字要美,如何美化自己的译文,在何时去做这项工作呢?首先,我们应该根据英语原文做出一个比较贴近于原文的译文,除非万不得已尽量不改变原文的句式,哪怕有些别扭也没有关系,译文做完后,开始进行美化。但是这种美不是任意发挥,而是在通顺忠实基础之上的美,是不改变原意的美。
如何进行美化呢?适当调整语序、替换一些粗鄙的用词,能用四字成语或者短语的就改用,进行适当的增加、删减、重复,尽量照顾到译文的韵律节奏。
英译汉第二篇
原 文
The word “winner” and “lor” have many meanings. When we refer to a person as a winner, we do not mean one who makes someone el lo. To us, a winner is one who responds authentically by being credible, trustworthy, responsive, and genuine, both as an individual and as a member of a society. Winners do not dedicate their lives to a concept of what they imagine they should be: rather, they are themlves and as such do not u their energy putting on a performance, maintaining preten, and manipulating others. They are aware that there is a difference between being loving and acting loving, between being stupid and acting stupid, between being knowledgeable and acting knowledgeable. Winners do not need to hide behind a mask.