高考英语“七选五”阅读理解的解题能力
高考英语“七选五”阅读理解选材一般为300词左右的说明文,偶有记叙文或议论文,该题型要求考生从短文后的七个选项中选出五个能填人文章空格处的最佳选项,主要考查考生对文章的整体内容、结构以及上下文逻辑关系的理解和掌握。其命题形式体现了《普通高中英语课程标准(2017年版2020年修订)》中“用英语获取、处理和运用信息的能力;逐步获取用英语思维的能力”的阅读学习和教学理念。
一、分析易错题,探究解题策略
在日常的教学中,教师会发现,学生做词汇复现题、选小标题题和代词指代题正确率较高。这是因为学生通过查找词汇复现现象一一原词复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现等,再加上并列句式和名词的单复数,可以很快选出正确选项。然而如果学生只抓住了空格前后句的单词,单纯地从单词的角度选择选项,就说明他们缺乏篇章意识,不能准确地把握文章的脉络,也缺乏对句式的灵活运用以及深层次地理解句子间的逻辑关系的能力。这也就解释了为什么学生的易错题主要是篇章结构题、上下文的逻辑关系题和承上启下的衔接句式题。因此,本文中笔者结合2018-2021年高考英语真题,从研读语篇的角度探究英语“七选五”阅读理解的解题策略:
(一)基于语篇,掌握文章的篇章结构
通过认真研读语篇,可以确定文章的体裁,进而明析篇章的结构。一般而言,说明文常采用“总一分一总”的结构形式,第一段介绍要说明的主题,中间的段落多是平行关系,通常是从不同的角度来说明问题,最后总结。议论文则一般先抛出议题,然后从正反两方面进行议论,最后得出结论。
definition【例1】(2018年全国Ⅰ卷)
But good news is that there're rcally only thrcc kinds of decisions you need to makc about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones.(总)
(38)D.Small color choices are the ones we're most familiar with. They 're the lttle spots of color … (分)
Medium color choices …
The large color decisions …
【解题策略】通过研读语篇可知,本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了室内设计中颜色的选择问题,采用了“总一分”结构。38题上面一段的结尾部分提到“…the small ones, themedium ones, and the large ones.",结合下面两段首句中的“Medium color choices”和“The large color decisions”可判断,本段应介绍“Small color choices”。且38题是本段的主题句,D选项中的Small和38题后一句中的litle是一组近capitel
抛光打蜡义词。故选D。
【例2】(2018年全国Ⅰ卷)营业外支出
Medium color choices are generally fumiture pieces suchas sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves. (39) G.Color choicesin this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways.(总一分)①They require文胸的英文
a bigger commitment thansmaller ones, and②they have a more powerful effect on thefeeling of a space.
【解题策略】根据设空处下文讲述的“这种范围的颜色选择比小型颜色选择花费得更多”和“这种范围的颜色选择对空间感觉有更大的影响”两个方面可知,其与G选项的“intwo major ways."相呼应,构成段内的“总一分”关系。故选G。
【例3】(2020年全国Ⅲ卷)
(37) B.It is traditional tobring a gift to a houwarming. (总一分)Some people register a list of things they wantor need for their new home at alocal store or stores.①Some common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things like curtains. Even ifthereisn't a registry,
② a good houwarming gift is something todecorate the new hou with,like a piece of artor aplant.
【解题策略】通过研读语篇可知,本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了乔迁聚会的定义、习俗和来源。37题为本段的中心句,意为“乔迁聚会送礼物是一个传统”,下文分别阐述了适合乔迁聚会送的礼物:主人清单上的礼物,如厨房用品、窗帘;非清单上的礼物,如艺术作品、植物,构成段内的“总一分”关系。故选B。
(二)研读语篇,判断句子间的逻辑关系
1.研读语篇,灵活运用并列句式
打电话英文翻译>俄语电影
【例1】(2019年全国Ⅰ卷)
(好处一)(37) A. Fresh air cleans our lungs. If theair you're breathing is clean.. the air is filled with life-giving,energizing oxygen.… breathe more deeply, allowing even moreoxygen to get to your muscles (肌肉)and your brain.
善意的谎言的好处…
(好处二)(40)D.Another side benefit of gettingfresh air is sunlight. While the sun's rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us beneficial Vitamin D.
【解题策略】通过研读语篇可知,本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了呼吸新鲜空气的好处一一新鲜空气中的氧气、阳光对人们的身心健康有好处。37题和40题虽然隔得比较远,但都在阐述呼吸新鲜空气所带来的好处,相当于
一个并列句式:one benefit…another benetfit…
37题阐述了呼吸新鲜空气的第一个好处。根据设空处下一句中提到的“If the air you're breathig is clean…the air is filled with life-giving energizing oxygen."可知,新鲜空气中充满赋予人生命的、充满活力的氧气。下文中的“…breathe more deeply, allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles (肌肉)and your brain.”是对前文内容的进一步阐述。意为“呼吸得更深会让更多的氧气进人你的肌肉和大脑”。根据前面的分析可以推知,该空应该涉及呼吸新鲜空气的好处,根据常识可知,我们吸人的空气首先进人的是肺部,然后才会使我们的肌肉和大脑受益。故选A。
40题阐述了通过呼吸新鲜空气获得的另一个好处是阳光。根据设空处下文中提到的“the sun' rays. give usbeneficial Vitamin D”可知,该段介绍了阳光的好处。故该设空处应该涉及阳光。选项中只有D选项涉及阳光。故选D。
【例2】(2020年全国Ⅲ卷)
2012年高考时间
(好处一)The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home.(好处二)(36)E.It also gives people a chance to e what the new home lookslike.(好处三)And it is a good time to fill the new space with love and hopefully prents.
【解题策略】通过研读语篇可知,本段介绍了乔迁聚会的好处。36题上文介绍乔迁聚会带来的第一个好处:给朋友和家人提供祝贺乔迁之喜的机会。下文介绍乔迁聚e会带来的第三个好处:乔迁聚会让新家充满爱与充满希己,望的礼物。所以36题应该是介绍乔迁聚会带来的第二个e好处:乔迁聚会提供参观新房的机会。篇章中使用了并列句式“The party is achance to dosth…It also gives people achance to And it is good time to do sth."。
2.研读语篇,判断句子间的转折让步关系宇航员的英文
【例1】(2018年全国Ⅰ卷)
Do you want a room that's full of life? Professional? Orare you just looking for aplace to relax after along day?(36)B. Whatever you're looking for, color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.
Over the years,there have been a number of diffcrent techniques to help designers approach this important point. (37)A.While all of them are uful , they can get a little complex .