2022年自考专业(英语)英语科技文选考试真题及答案
一、阅读理解题 Directions: Read through the following passages. Choo the best answer and put the letter in the bracket. (20%)
1、(A) When Steve Cole was a postdoc, he had an unusual hobby: matching art buyers with artists that they might like. The task made looking at art, something he had always loved, even more enjoyable. “There was an extra layer of purpo. I loved the ability to help artists I thought were great to find an appreciative audience,” he says. At the time, it was nothing more than a quirky sideline. But his latest findings have caud Cole — now a professor at the Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology at the University of California, Los Angeles — to wonder whether the exhilaration and n of purpo that he felt during that period might have done more than help him to find homes for unloved pieces of art. It might have benefited his immune system too. At one time, most lf-respecting molecular biologists would have scoffed at the idea. Today, evidence from many studies suggests that mental stales such as stress can influence health. Still, it has proved difficult to explain how
现代科技与日常生活this happens at the molecular level — how subjective moods connect with the vastly complex physiology of the nervous and immune systems. The field that arches for the explanations, known as psychoneuroimmunology (PNI), is often criticized as lacking rigour. Cole’s stated aim is to fix that, and his tool of choice is genome-wide transcriptional analysis: looking at broad patterns of gene expression in cells. “My job is to be a hard-core tracker,” he says. “How do the mental states get out into the rest of the body?” With his colleagues, Cole has published a string of studies suggesting that negative mental states such as stress and loneliness guide immune respons by driving broad programs of gene expression, shaping our ability to fight dia. If he is right, the way people e the world could affect everything from their risk of chronic illness such as diabetes and heart dia to the progression of conditions such as HIV and cancer. Now Cole has switched tack, moving from negative moods into the even more murky territory of happiness. It is a risky strategy; his work has already been criticized as wishful thinking and moralizing. But the pay-off is nothing less than finding a healthier way to live. “If you talk to any high-quality neurobiologist or immunologist about PNI, it will invariably
generate a little snicker,” says Stephen Smale, an immunologist at the University of California, Los Angeles, who is not affiliated with the Cousins Center. “But this doesn’t mean the topic should be ignored forever. Someday we need to confront it and try to understand how the immune system and nervous system interact.”With which of the following subjects is the passage mainly concerned?
A.Defining PNI
B.Cole’s studies in PNI
C.Cole’s unusual hobby
D.How to find a healthier way to live
2、Why did Cole have an unusual hobby when he was on a post doctoral program? 英语学习心得
A.To match art buyer with their favorite artists
B.To make looking at art even more rewarding
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C.To benefit his immune system
D.To find homes for unloved pieces of art
3、According to the passage, which of the following statements about PNI is NOT true?
A.It is interdisciplinary.
B.It aims at genome-wide transcription.
C.It may be lacking in care and exactness.
D.It deals with how subjective moods connect with the physiology of the nervousand immune systems.
4、What can be inferred from the passage about Dole’s studies?
A.They are focud on negative mental states.
B.They are focud on positive menial states. 毕竟英文
C.They are acknowledged as interdisciplinary.
D.They are meant to find a healthier way to live. trash是什么意思
在职mba班 5、According to the passage, what is the attitude of Stephen Smale toward PNI?
A.Emotional
B.Objective
C.Indifferent
勋章英文 D.Supportive
6、(B) “The only thing we have to fear is fear itlf,”said Franklin D. Roovelt. He might have been onto something: rearch suggests that people are happy to endure a bit more pain, if it means they spend less time waiting for it. Classical thanes of decision-making suppo that people bring rewards forward and postpone punishments, becau we give far-off events less weight. This is called “temporal discounting”. But this theory
ems to go out the window when it comes to pain. One explanation for this is that the anticipation of pain is itlf unpleasant, a phenomenon that rearchers have appropriately termed “dread”. To investigate how dread varies with time, Giles Story at University College London, and his colleagues, hooked up 33 volunteers to a device that gave them mild electric shocks. The rearchers also prented people with a ries of choices between more or less mildly painful shocks, sooner or later. During every “episode” there was a minimum of two shocks, which could ri to a maximum of 14, but before they were given them, people had to make a choice such as nine extra shocks now or six extra shocks five episodes from now. The number of shocks they received each time was determined by the past choices. No pain, no gain. Although a few people always cho to experience the minimum pain, 70 per cent of the time, on average, participants cho to receive the extra shocks sooner rather than a smaller number later. By varying the number of shocks and when they occurred, the team was able to figure out that the dread of pain incread exponentially as pain approached in time. Similar results occurred in a test using hypothetical dental appointments. “This stud
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千米的英文y demonstrates that the fear of anticipation is so strong it can rever the usual pattern of time discounting,” says George Loewenstein, a professor of economics and psychology at Carnegie-Mellon University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, “It’s probably not an exaggeration to say that as much, or more, of the pains of life come from anticipation and memory than from actual experience.” The study could well have implications for medicine and health policy, becau an understanding of how people judge pain is important for prenting them with options about potentially painful treatments. “You should avoid emphasizing waiting times,”says Story. “And if you can make something em unavoidable, people may be more likely to confront it to minimi dread.” Story hopes that this kind of psychological study will aid the development of diagnostic tools. “Looking at the kinds of preferences might help predict whether people will make healthy or unhealthy choices,” he says.Which of the following statements best express the main idea of the passage?
