英语二级口语考试ABA Model Rules of Professional Conduct (2004)
American Bar Association Model Rules of Professional Conduct (2002 edition)*
原因英语PREAMBLE, SCOPE AND TERMINOLOGY
pound the alarmPREAMBLE: A LAWYER'S RESPONSIBILITIES
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[1] A lawyer, as a member of the legal profession, is a reprentative of clients, an officer of the legal system and a public citizen having special responsibility for the quality of justice.
[2] As a reprentative of clients, a lawyer performs various functions. As advisor, a lawyer provides a client with an informed understanding of the client's legal rights and obligations and explains their practical implications. As advocate, a lawyer zealously asrts the client's position under the rules of the adversary system. As negotiator, a lawyer eks a result advantageous to the client but consistent with requirements of honest dealings with others. As an evaluator, a lawyer acts by examining a client's legal affairs and reporting about them to the client or to others.
[3] In addition to the reprentational functions, a lawyer may rve as a third-party neutral, a nonreprentational role helping the parties to resolve a dispute or other matter. Some of the Rules apply directly to lawyers who are or have rved as third-party neutrals. See, e.g., Rules 1.12 and 危在旦夕是什么意思2.4. In addition, there are Rules that apply to lawyers who are not active in the practice of law or to practicing lawyers even when they are acting in a nonprofessional capacity. For example, a lawyer who commits fraud in the conduct of a business is subject to discipline for engaging in conduct involving dishonesty, fraud, deceit or misreprentation. See Rule 8.4.pigtail
理由的英文[4] In all professional functions a lawyer should be competent, prompt and diligent. A lawyer should maintain communication with a client concerning the reprentation. A lawyer should keep in confidence information relating to reprentation of a client except so far as disclosure is required or permitted by the Rules of Professional Conduct or other law.
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[5] A lawyer's conduct should conform to the requirements of the law, both in professional
rvice to clients and in the lawyer's business and personal affairs. A lawyer should u the law's procedures only for legitimate purpos and not to harass or intimidate others. A lawyer should demonstrate respect for the legal system and for tho who rve it, including judges, other lawyers and public officials. While it is a lawyer's duty, when necessary, to challenge the rectitude of official action, it is also a lawyer's duty to uphold legal process.
basketball是什么意思[6] As a public citizen, a lawyer should ek improvement of the law, access to the legal system, the administration of justice and the quality of rvice rendered by the legal profession. As a member of a learned profession, a lawyer should cultivate knowledge of the law beyond its u for clients, employ that knowledge in reform of the law and work to strengthen legal education. In addition, a lawyer should further the public's understanding of and confidence in the rule of law and the justice system becau legal institutions in a constitutional democracy depend on popular participation and support to maintain their authority. A lawyer should be mindful of deficiencies in the administration of justice and of the fact that the poor, and sometimes persons who are not poor, cannot afford adequate l
egal assistance. Therefore, all lawyers should devote professional time and resources and u civic influence to ensure equal access to our system of justice for all tho who becau of economic or social barriers cannot afford or cure adequate legal counl. A lawyer should aid the legal profession in pursuing the objectives and should help the bar regulate itlf in the public interest.
[7] Many of a lawyer's professional responsibilities are prescribed in the Rules of Professional Conduct, as well as substantive and procedural law. However, a lawyer is also guided by personal conscience and the approbation of professional peers. A lawyer should strive to attain the highest level of skill, to improve the law and the legal profession and to exemplify the legal profession's ideals of public rvice.
[8] A lawyer's responsibilities as a reprentative of clients, an officer of the legal system and a public citizen are usually harmonious. Thus, when an opposing party is well reprented, a lawyer can be a zealous advocate on behalf of a client and at the same time assume that justice is being done. So also, a lawyer can be sure that prerving clie
速记方法nt confidences ordinarily rves the public interest becau people are more likely to ek legal advice, and thereby heed their legal obligations, when they know their communications will be private.
[9] In the nature of law practice, however, conflicting responsibilities are encountered. Virtually all difficult ethical problems ari from conflict between a lawyer's responsibilities to clients, to the legal system and to the lawyer's own interest in remaining an ethical person while earning a satisfactory living. The Rules of Professional Conduct often prescribe terms for resolving such conflicts. Within the framework of the Rules, however, many difficult issues of professional discretion can ari. Such issues must be resolved through the exerci of nsitive professional and moral judgment guided by the basic principles underlying the Rules. The principles include the lawyer's obligation zealously to protect and pursue a client's legitimate interests, within the bounds of the law, while maintaining a professional, courteous and civil attitude toward all persons involved in the legal system.
