2022年1月MBA联考英语试题及答案解析 Section I U of English Directions： Read the following text. Choo the best word(s) for each numbered black and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) The Internet affords anonymity to its urs, a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has 1 across the Web. Can privacy be prerved 2 bringing safety and curity to a world that ems increasingly 3 clr Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nation’s cyber-czar, offered the federal government a 4 to make the Web a safer place-a “voluntary trusted identity〞 system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key, a fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled 6 one. The system might u a smart identity card, or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer .and would authenticate urs at a range of online rvices. The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identity systems. Ur could 9 which system to join, and only registered urs who identities have been authenticated could navigate tho systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver’s licen 10 by the government. Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have the“single sign-on〞systems that make it possible for urs to 11 just once but u many different rvices. 12.the approach would create a “walled garden〞 n cyberspace, with safe “neighborhoods〞 and bright “streetlights〞baru to establish a n of a 13 community. Mr. Schmidt described it as a “voluntary ecosystem〞 in which “individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14 ,trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure 15 which the transaction runs〞. Still, the administration’s plan has 16 privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach; others are concerned. It ems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would 17 be a compulsory Internet “drive’s licen〞 mentality. The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some computer curity experts, who worry that the “voluntary ecosystem〞 envisioned by Mr. Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet 19 .They argue that all Internet urs should be 20 to register and identify themlves, in the same way that drivers must be licend to drive on public roads.百度英文词典 1．A.swept B.skipped C.walked D.ridden 2．A.for B.within C.while D.though 3．A.careless B.lawless C.pointless D.helpless 4．A.reason B.reminder C promi 橡皮英语D.proposal 5 A.information． 6．A.by B.into C.from D.over 7．A.linked B.directed C.chained D pared 8．A.dismiss B.discover C.create D.improve 9．A.recall B.suggest C.lect D.realize 10．A.relcad B.issued C.distributed D.delivered 11．A.carry on B.linger on C.t in D.log in 12．A.In vain B.In effect belligerentC.In return D.In contrast 13．A.trusted B.modernized c.thriving D peting 14．A.caution B.delight C.confidence D.patience 15．A.on B.after C.beyond D.across 16．A.divided B.disappointed C.protected D.united 17．A.frequestly B.incidentally C.occasionally D.eventually 18．A.skepticism B.relerance C.indifference D.enthusiasm 19．A.manageable B.defendable C.vulnerable D.invisible 20小学生学英语．A.invited B.appointed C.allowed D.forced Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40points) Text 1 Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs’s board as an outside director in January 2022: a year later she became president of Brown University. For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much eroticism. But by the end of 2022 Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldman’s compensation committee; how could she have let tho enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked By February the next year Ms. Simmons had left the board. The position was just taking up too much time, she said. Outside directors are suppod to rve as helpful, yet less biad, advirs on a firm’s board. Having made their wealth and their reputations elwhere, they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executive’s proposals. If the sky, and the share price is falling, outside directors should be able to give advice bad on having weathered their own cris. The rearchers from Ohio University ud a databa hat covered more than 10,000 firms and more than 64,000 different directors between 1989 and 2022. Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next. The most likely reason for departing a board was age, so the rearchers concentrated on tho “surpri〞 disappearances by directors under the age of 70. They fount that after a surpri departure, the probability that the company will subquently have to restate earnings incread by nearly 20%. The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increas, and the stock is likely to perform wor. The effect tended to be larger for larger firms. Although a correlation between them leaving and subquent bad performance at the firm is suggestive, it does not mean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship. Often they “trade up.〞 Leaving riskier, smaller firms for larger and more stable firms. But the rearchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks, even if a review of history shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred. Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives. Otherwi outside directors will follow the example of Ms. Simmons, once again very popular on campus. 21. According to Paragraph 1, Ms. Simmons was criticized for . A]gaining excessive profits B]failing to fulfill her duty C]refusing to make compromis D]leaving the board in tough times 22. We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are suppod to be . A]generous investors B]unbiad executives C]share price forecasters D]independent advirs 23. According to the rearchers from Ohio University after an outside director’s surpri departure, the firm is likely to . A]become more stable B]report incread earnings C]do less well in the stock market D]perform wor in lawsuits 24. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outside directors . A]may stay for the attractive offers from the firm B]have often had records of wrongdoings in the firm C]are accustomed to stress-free work in the firm D]will decline incentives from the firm 25. The author’s attitude toward the role of outside directors is . A]permissive B]positive C]scornful D]critical Text 2 Whatever happened to the death of newspaper A year ago the end emed near. The recession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had not already fled to the internet. Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their own doom. America’s Federal Trade commission launched a round of talks about how to save newspapers. Should they become charitable corporations Should the state subsidize them It will hold another meeting soon. But the discussions now em out of date. In much of the world there is the sign of crisis. German and Brazilian papers have shrugged off the recession. Even American newspapers, which inhabit the most troubled come of the global industry, have not only survived but often returned to profit. Not the 20% profit margins that were routine a few years ago, but profit all the same. It has not been much fun. Many papers stayed afloat by pushing journalists overboard. The American Society of News Editors reckons that 13,500 newsroom jobs have gone since 2022. Readers are paying more for slimmer products. Some papers even had the nerve to refu delivery to distant suburbs. Yet the desperate measures have proved the right ones and, sadly for many journalists, they can be pushed further. Newspapers are becoming more balanced business, with a healthier mix of revenues from readers and advertirs. American papers have long been highly unusual in their reliance on ads. Fully 87% of their revenues came from advertising in 2022, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation Development (OECD). In Japan the proportion is 35%. Not surprisingly, Japane newspapers are much more stable. The whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody, but much of the damage has been concentrated in areas where newspaper are least distinctive. Car and film reviewers have gone. So have science and general business reporters. Foreign bureaus have been savagely cut off. Newspapers are less complete as a result. But completeness is no longer a virtue in the newspaper business. 26. By saying “Newspapers like … their own doom〞 (Lines 3-4, Para. 1), the author indicates that newspaper . A]neglected the sign of crisis B]failed to get state subsidies C]were not charitable corporations D]were in a desperate situation 27. Some newspapers refud delivery to distant suburbs probably becau . A]readers threatened to pay less B]newspapers wanted to reduce costs C]journalists reported little about the areas D]subscribers complained about slimmer products 28. Compared with their American counterparts, Japane newspapers are much more stable becau they . A]have more sources of revenue B]have more balanced newsrooms C]are less dependent on advertising D]are less affected by readership 29. What can be inferred from the last paragraph about the current newspaper business A]Distinctiveness is an esntial feature of newspapers. B]Completeness is to blame for the failure of newspaper. C]Foreign bureaus play a crucial role in the newspaper business. D]Readers have lost their interest in car and film reviews. 30. The most appropriate title for this text would be . A]American Newspapers: Struggling for Survival B]American Newspapers: Gone with the Wind C]American Newspapers: A Thriving Business D]American Newspapers: A Hopeless Story Text 3 We tend to think of the decades immediately following World War II as a time of prosperity and growth, with soldiers returning home by the millions, going off to college on the G. I. Bill and lining up at the marriage bureaus. But when it came to their hous, it was a time of common n and a belief that less could truly be more. During the Depression and the war, Americans had learned to live with less, and that restraint, in combination with the postwar confidence in the future, made small, efficient housing positively stylish. Economic condition was only a stimulus for the trend toward efficient living. The phra “less is more〞 was actually first popularized by a German, the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, who like other people associated with the Bauhaus, a school of design, emigrated to the United States before World War II and took up posts at American architecture schools. The designers came to exert enormous influence on the cour of American architecture, but none more so that Mies. Mies’s signature phra means that less decoration, properly organized, has more impact that a lot. Elegance, he believed, did not derive from abundance. Like other modern architects, he employed metal, glass and laminated wood-materials that we take for granted today buy that in the 1940s symbolized the future. Mies’s sophisticated prentation masked the fact that the spaces he designed were small and efficient, rather than big and often empty. The apartments in the elegant towers Mies built on Chicago’s Lake Shore Drive, for example, were smaller-two-bedroom units under 1,000 square feet-than tho in their older neighbors along the city’s Gold Coast. But they were popular becau of their airy glass walls, the views they afforded and the elegance of the buildings’ details and proportions, the architectural equivalent of the abstract art so popular at the time. The trend toward “less〞 was not entirely foreign. In the 1930s Frank Lloyd Wright started building more modest and efficient hous-usually around 1,200 square feet-than the spreading two-story ones he had designed in the 1890s and the early 20th century. The “Ca Study Hous〞 commissioned from talented modern architects by California Arts Architecture magazine between 1945 and 1962 were yet another homegrown influence on the “less is more〞 trend. Aesthetic effect came from the landscape, new materials and forthright detailing. In his Ca Study Hou, Ralph everyday life – few American families acquired helicopters, though most eventually got clothes dryers – but his belief that lf-sufficiency was both desirable and inevitable was widely shared. 31. The postwar American housing style largely reflected the Americans’ . A]prosperity and growth B]efficiency and practicality C]restraint and confidence D]pride and faithfulness 32. Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3 about Bauhaus A]It was founded by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. B]Its designing concept was affected by World War II. C]Most American architects ud to be associated with it. D]It had a great influence upon American architecture. 33. Mies held that elegance of architectural design . A]was related to large space B]was identified with emptiness C]was not reliant on abundant decoration D]was not associated with efficiency 34. What is true about the apartments Mies building Chicago’s Lake Shore Drive A]They ignored details and proportions. B]They were built with materials popular at that time. C]They were more spacious than neighboring buildings. D]They shared some characteristics of abstract art. 35. What can we learn about the design of the “Ca Study Hou〞 A]Mechanical devices were widely ud. B]Natural scenes were taken into considerationsay hello什么意思 C]Details were sacrificed for the overall effect. D]Eco-friendly materials were employed. Text 4 Will the European Union make it The question would have sounded strange not long ago. Now even the project’s greatest cheerleaders talk of a continent facing a “Bermuda triangle〞 of debt, population decline and lower growth. As well as tho chronic problems, the EU face an acute crisis in its economic core, the 16 countries that u the single currency. Markets have lost faith that the euro zone’s economies, weaker or stronger, will one day converge thanks to the discipline of sharing a single currency, which denies uncompetitive members the quick fix of devaluation. Yet the debate about how to save Europe’s single currency from disintegration is stuck. It is stuck becau the euro zone’s dominant powers, France and Germany, agree on the need for greater harmonization within the euro zone, but disagree about what to harmonies. Germany thinks the euro must be saved by stricter rules on borrow spending and competitiveness, barked by quasi-automatic sanctions for governments that do not obey. The might include threats to freeze EU funds for poorer regions and EU mega-projects and even the suspension of a country’s voting rights in EU ministerial councils. It insists that economic co-ordination should involve all 27 members of the EU club, among whom there is a small majority for free-market liberalism and economic rigour; in the inner core alone, Germany fears, a small majority favour French interference. A “southern〞 camp headed by French wants something different: 〞European economic government〞 within an inner core of euro-zone members. Translated, that means politicians intervening in monetary policy and a system of redistribution from richer to poorer members, via cheaper borrowing for governments through common Eurobonds or complete fiscal transfers. Finally, figures clo to the France government have murmured, curo-zone members should agree to some fiscal and social harmonization: e.g., curbing competition in corporate-tax rates or labour costs. It is too soon to write off the EU. It remains the world’s largest trading block. At its best, the European project is remarkably liberal: built around a single market of 27 rich and poor countries, its internal borders are far more open to goods, capital and labour than any comparable trading area. It is an ambitious attempt to blunt the sharpest edges of globalization, and make capitalism benign. 36. The EU is faced with so many problems that . Ait has more or less lost faith in markets Beven its supporters begin to feel concerned Csome of its member countries plan to abandon euro Dit intends to deny the possibility of devaluation 37. The debate over the EU’s single currency is stuck becau the dominant powers . Aare competing for the leading position Bare busy handling their own cris Cfail to reach an agreement on harmonization Ddisagree on the steps towards disintegration 38. To solve the euro problem ,Germany propod that . AEU funds for poor regions be incread Bstricter regulations be impod Conly core members be involved in economic co-ordination Dvoting rights of the EU members be guaranteed 39. The French proposal of handling the crisis implies that __ __. ［A］poor countries are more likely to get funds ［B］strict monetary policy will be applied to poor countries ［C］loans will be readily available to rich countries ［D］rich countries will basically control Eurobonds 40. Regarding the future of the EU, the author ems to feel __ __. ［A］pessimistic ［B］desperate ［C］conceited ［D］hopeful ∙ 拦河坝Part B Directions:(7选5) In the following text, some ntences have been removed. For Questions (41-45), choo the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Such a move could affect firms such as McDonald’s, which sponsors the youth coaching scheme run by the Football Association. Fast-food chains should also stop offering “inducements〞 such as toys, cute animals and mobile phone credit to lure young customers, Stephenson said. Professor Dinesh Bhugra, president of the Royal College of Psychiatrists, said: “If children are taught about the impact that food has on their growth, and that some things can harm, at least information is available up front.〞 He also urged councils to impo “fast-food-free zones〞 around school and hospitals-areas within which takeaways cannot open. A Department of Health spokesperson said: “We need to create a new vision for public health where all of society works together to get healthy and live longer. This includes creating a new ‘responsibility deal’ with business, built on social responsibility, not state regulation. Later this year, we will publish a white paper tting out exactly how we will achieve this.〞 The food industry will be alarmed that such nior doctors back such radical moves, especially the call to u some of the tough tactics that have been deployed against smoking over the last decade.
46．blou什么意思Direction： In this ction there is a text in English. Translate it into Chine, write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15points) Who would have thought that, globally, the IT industry produces about the same volumes of greenhou gas as the world’s airlines do-rough 2 percent of all CO2 emissions Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment. A Google arch can leak between 0.2 and 7.0 grams of CO2 depending on how many attempts are needed to get the “right〞 answer. To deliver results to its urs quickly, then, Google has to maintain vast data centres round the world, packed with powerful computers. While producing large quantities of CO2, the computers emit a great deal of heat, so the centres need to be well air-conditioned, which us even more energy. However, Google and other big tech providers monitor their efficiency cloly and make improvements. Monitoring is the first step on the road to reduction, but there is much to be done, and not just by big companies. Section IV Writing Part A 47 Directions: Suppo your cousin Li Ming has just been admitted to a university. Write him/her a letter to 1) congratulate him/her, and 2) give him/her suggestions on how to get prepared for university life. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. U “Zhang Wei〞 instead. Do not write the address. (10 points) write a short essay baesd on the following chart.in your writing,you should: 1)interpret the chart and 2)give your comments you should write at least 150 wrods write your essay on answer sheet 2(15points) | ||||||||||||||||
本文发布于:2023-06-21 19:39:51，感谢您对本站的认可！
本文链接：https://www.wtabcd.cn/fanwen/fan/90/152855.html
版权声明：本站内容均来自互联网，仅供演示用，请勿用于商业和其他非法用途。如果侵犯了您的权益请与我们联系，我们将在24小时内删除。
| 留言与评论（共有 0 条评论） |
