牙周专业英语常用词汇
Gingival inflammation
Etiological factors
interdental embrasure
interdental papilla
inflammatory exudate
attached gingiva
alveolar mucosa
mucogingival junction.
fal pocketing
periodontal pocketing
crevicular epithelium
periodontal ligament
gingival swelling, papillary swelling,
Gingival bleeding
toothbrushing.
interdental space.
oral hygiene
residual food deposits
odour
chronic periodontitis
Gingival recession
Tooth mobility
Tooth migration
Alveolar bone loss
offensive taste.审时度势意思
control plaque
subgingival deposits
scaling,
Probing
Pocket depth
periodontal destruction.
single-rooted teeth
whateverwillbewillbecalculus
Risk factor
Biofilm
Dental plaque
Dental plaque biofilm
Supragingival plaque
Subgingival plaque
Food debris
Endotoxin
Vesicles
Necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis
vitamindOsteoporosis
Stress
rovioAttachment loss
Bone loss
Horizontal resorption
Vertical resorption
gigabyte是什么Osous crater
Plaque index, PLI
Calculus index, CI
Gingival index
Bleeding index. BI
Bleeding on probing, BOP
Probing depth, PD
Attachment level, AL
pocket wall.
Diabetes mellitus
probe | Resorption of alveolar bone
periodontal ligament
bone loss,
alveolar margin.
interdental crater
furcation
furcation involvement
furcation lesion
clenching
mesiobuccal and mesiolingual
infrabony pockets.
gingival margins
periapical films
orthopantomograph
Overbite and overjet
temporomandibular joint discomfort
treatment plan
Plaque control and scaling
bruxism.
Periodontal dia
Gingival dia
Periodontitis
destructive periodontal dia
Periodontology
Periodontics
Attachment apparatus of the tooth
Gingiva
Free gingiva
Gingiva sulcus (gingival crevice)
Attached gingiva
Mucogingival junction
Gingival papilla
Gingival col
Oral epithelium
Sulcular epithelium
Junctional epithelium
Biological width
Dento-gingival junction
Re-attachment
Free gingival groove
Periodontal ligament
Alveolar crest fibers
Cemento-enamel junction
Alveolar bonesocialmedia
Fenestration
Dehiscence
ctcsPolymorphonuclear leukocytes
Putative periodontopathic bacteria
Dental calculus
Food impaction
Trauma from occlusion
Linear gingival erythema, LGE
Periodontic-endodontic lesions
Combined periodontal-Endodontic lesions
Chronic periodontitis
Loss of supporting tissue
Occlusal trauma.
occlusal adjustment
labiolingual displacement
root exposure | Root planing
New attachment
Root cones
Enamel projection
Initial therapy
Plaque control
Supragingival scaling
Subgingival scaling
Prophylaxis
Attachment gain
Coronoplastysheetmusic
Chemotherapy
Metronidazole
Periodontal irrigation
Chlorhexidine
Mouth rin
Vertical incision
Interrupted interdental suture
Sling suture
Periodontal pack
Periodontal dressing
Gingivectomy
Gingivoplasty
Flap surgery
Internal bevel incision
Periodontal osous surgery
Bone grafts
Bone fill
Long junctional epithelium
New attachment
Guided tissue regeneration, GTR
Root amputation
Root rection
Tooth hemiction
Frenotomy
Maintenance
Supportive periodontal therapy
Attachment loss, AL
Wearing facet
Marginal gingivitis
Gingival dias
Dental plaque-induced gingivitis
Non-plaque-induced gingival lesions
Localized aggressive periodontitis
Generalized aggressive periodontitis
Abscess of the periodontium
Gingival abscess
Periodontal abscess
什么是biPericoronal abscess
Periodontal trauma
Traumatic occlusion
Undermining resorption
Buttressing bone formation
Bruxism
buzClenching
Interproximal pocketing
gingival recession
subgingival calculus |
| | |
牙周专业英语课文
CLINICAL FEATURE OF CHRONIC PERIODONTAL DISEASE
Chronic gingivitis
The manifestations of gingival inflammation vary considerably between individuals and from one part of the mouth to another. This variation reflects the aetiological factors at work and the tissue respon to the factors. This respon is esntially a mixture of inflammation and fibrous tissue repair. When the former predominates, signs and symptoms are more obvious; when the fibrous tissue component predominates, clinical manifestations can be much more subtle and recognized only by careful examination.
In making a diagnosis it is important to keep in mind the appearance of health, departures from which may indicate dia.
Clinical features are:
l . Altered gingival appearance.
2. Gingival bleeding.
3. Discomfort and pain
4. Unpleasant taste
5. Halitosis.
Altered gingival appearance
Changes in appearance are usually described according to color, shape, size, and surface characteristics.
Healthy gingivae are pale pink and the margin is knife edged and scalloped; a streamlined papilla is often grooved by a sluice-way and the attached gingiva is stippled.
Becau the interdental embrasure is the site of greatest plaque stagnation gingival inflammation usually starts in the interdental papilla and spreads around the margin. As the blood vesls dilate the tissue becomes red and swollen with inflammatory exudate. The knife-edged margin becomes rounded, the interdental sluice-way is lost and the surface of the gingiva becomes smooth and glossy. As the gingival fiber the inflammatory process the gingival cuff los tone and comes away from the tooth surface so that a shal
low pocket is formed breaks up bundles. If the inflammation becomes more diffu and spreads into the attached gingiva the stippling disappears. If inflammation is vere it can spread across the attached gingiva to the alveolar mucosa and so obliterate the normally well-defined mucogingival junction.
Usually the most pronounced inflammatory swelling is en in adolescents and young adults so that fal pocketing is formed. It is called fal as oppod to real or periodontal pocketing which is formed by apical migration of the crevicular epithelium as the periodontal ligament is destroyed by inflammation. Where veral aetiological factors combine, e. g. plaque deposition plus lack of lip-al plus the endocrinal changes of puberty, gingival swelling, especially papillary swelling, can be pronounced.
If plaque irritation is longstanding and low grade, the main tissue reaction will be fibrous tissue production so that the gingiva may remain firm and pink but become thickened and lo its streamlined shape.
Gingival bleeding
Gingival bleeding is probably the most frequent patient complaint. Unfortunately gingival
bleeding is so common that people may not take it riously and even believe it to be normal; however, unless bleeding obviously follows an episode of acute trauma, bleeding is always a sign of pathology. It occurs most frequently on toothbrushing. Bleeding may be provoked by eating hard food, apples, toast, etc. When gingivae are extremely soft and spongy, bleeding can occur spontaneously.
Blood may be tasted by the patient and may be smelt on the patient's breath.
If the tissue respon is fibrous overgrowth, there is no bleeding even with vigorous toothbrushing.
Discomfort and pain
The are uncommon features of chronic gingivitis and this is probably the main reason for the dias being overlooked. The gingivae may feel sore when the patient brushes his teeth and becau of this he brushes more lightly and less frequently so that plaque accumulates and the condition is perpetuated.
This relative abnce of pain is one of the symptoms, which differentiates a chronic gingivitis from an acute ulcerative gingivitis.
Unpleasant taste
Patients may notice the taste of blood, particularly if they suck at an interdental space. Unfortunately the ns are quickly blunted and a disagreeable taste is a relatively infrequent complaint.
Halitosis
'Bad breath' frequently accompanies gingival dia and is a common cau of a visit to the dentist. The smell derives from blood and poor oral hygiene and must be distinguished from smells from different sources.
Halitosis has a number of caus, both intra-oral and extra-oral. Oral dia and residual food deposits, especially tho of a volatile nature such as peppermint, garlic, curry, etc., reprent the most common cau of halitosis. Pathology of the respiratory tract, no, sinus, tonsils and lungs can cau an embarrassing smell, as can dia of the digestive tract. Some items of diet, e.g. garlic, are absorbed by the intestines, take
n into the intestinal bloodstream and finally exhaled by the lungs so that they can be smelt a long time after they have been eaten. Mouth odour is common on waking and between meals, when it is associated with food stagnation and reduced salivary flow. Metabolic dias, diabetes and uraemia give characteristic smells to the breath. Halitosis can increa with age.
