华东师范大学
new egg年度硕士学位论文
同治八年中英新修条约与中英关系
系所: 历史系
专业: 中国近现代史
研究方向: 中国早期现代化
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年月
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摘要
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年中英修约谈判是两国自鸦片战争以来，第一次在和平环境中相对
平等地位上进行的签约谈判。谈判结果达成了中英新修条约(又称阿礼国协定)，其
内容在形式上对中英双方的权益采取对等的让予。对于新修条约，英国政府最终在
年月拒绝批准。本论文将通过研究这一条约的谈判过程，考察中英双方在谈判中各自立场的改变以及相互妥协的原因，分析修约结果对中英关系的影响，以更
好地认识晚清外交转变的复杂背景和现代化进程的曲折轨迹。
本论文共分五章，另加绪论。
绪论回顾了国内外对本专题已有的研究情况，以及这些研究已解决的和尚需继
续研究的问题，在此基础上提出了本论文研究的意义，并阐述了全文的思路。
第一章探讨年后的中英关系，作为全文的历史背景。《北京条约》签订后, 清廷对外政策有了较大转变，采取接受条约体制，利用条约羁縻外国的外交策略。
同时英国对华推行合作政策，用容忍扶持的方法诱导清廷实施条约，以此来扩大中
英贸易，扩展英国在华利益。赫德和威妥玛先后提出的《局外旁观论》和《新议略
论》集中体现了英国这种政策。
confident用法第二章考察了英国对修约的准备。英国在征求修约意见中，出现了在华英商与
英国外交部及驻华公使阿礼国观点的歧异，反映了英国内部对华政策的矛盾。
shelley第三章考察了清廷对修约的准备。清廷在预筹修约中的广泛讨论，是对年后中外关系的一种检讨与前瞻，反映了清廷主要官员对现代生产方式的认识水平。
蒲安臣使团虽是近代中国第一次向西方派出的正式外交使团，但其出使结果却增强
了清廷抵制英国要求的决心。
第四章叙述了中英修约谈判的曲折进程。本章将谈判分成四个阶段，即谈判
委
员会的十三次会谈、谈判的艰难进展、中英国内对谈判的讨论、新修条约的签订。
通过分析谈判过程中双方心态举措的变化，指出中英内部以及双方之间的矛盾，显
生活半径
现合作政策下复杂的外交场景。
第五章首先探讨了英国拒绝批准新修条约的原因，其次从总体上考察了中英修
约活动，分析了英国对华政策中合作容忍与炮舰压迫的两面，最后指出清廷由于对
近代商务和时代形势认识不足，在维护自身利权的同时又不能顺应时势，而只是一
2味拒绝新的生产方式和国际外交惯例，裹足不前，随着阿礼国的离任和英国拒签新
约，中英双方的猜忌怀疑加深，晚清外交现代化的道路更加复杂和曲折。从而指出
这次修约活动带给我们的两点重要启示：一、如果中英新修条约能够实施，将对中
英关系产生积极的影响；二、清廷没有能够肩负起领导中国现代化建设的重任，中
国丧失了一个能够使之进步的较好的历史时机。3Abstract
The negotiation of Tientsin treaties revision between China and
Britain in 1868
was the first time to negotiate and conquently sign a c ontract named Alcock
Convention in peace and on relative equality since the Opium War, who contents
gave a mutual favor to both sides at least in form. But it aroud the wrath of the British
merchants at home and abroad, who wants it did not sufficiently cater to. In the end
the merchants won out: Britain bowed to mercantile pressure and refud to ratify the
convention in June 1870This thesis will study the revision-making process and
analyze the its influence on the relation of Chine and British governments, in order to
make a better understanding of the complicated background of the diplomatic
transformation and the tortuous cour of the modernizations in Late QingThis thesis is divided into five chapters, in addition to introduction The introduction reviews the rearch condition about this topic, points out the
defect in it, and puts forward the meaning of studying this object,
explains the thread of
this thesisChapter one explores the Sino-British relations after 1860 as the historical
backdrop. After the Beijing Treaty was signed, the Qing court’s foreign policy had a
great change, which was to adopt the treaty system and u the treaty to bridle the初恋这件小事 女主角
foreigns. At the same time, the British government tried to carry out cooperative policy
in relation to China, and ud tolerance and assistance method to induce the Qingtoss
audiencesgovernment to carry out the treaty. Such can enlarge the Sino-British trade and extend
the British benefits in China. The thesis of Robert Hart and Thomas Wade embodied
this British governments policyChapter two obrves and studies the preparation of Britain for treaty revisionWhen asked for suggestions for revision, Rutherford Alcock, the British minister of
China, and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs` view was difference from that of the
merchants in China, which reflected the interior conflict in the British policy to ChinaChapter three views the preparation of Qing c ourt
