高中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习
虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设，所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。根据时间的不同，虚拟条件句可分为三种，即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句
（1）表示与现在事实相反
If I had enough money now, I would lend it to you.
（2）表示与过去事实相反
If he had taken your advice, he wouldn’t have made such a bad mistake.
（3）表示与将来事实相反
I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow.
1. 虚拟条件句的倒装
indifferent
在虚拟条件句中，为了强调所假设条件的虚拟性，或突出说话人的一种主观愿望，虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。虚拟条件句的倒装是通过去掉if，把条件从句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现的。例如：Had I been（= If I had been ） in that situation， I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money.
Should there be （= If there should be） a drought， what should we do at that time ？
2. 错综时间条件句
有时条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间并不一致，这时谓语动词的形式应根据它所要表示的具体时间来确定。例如：
If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years ，thing s wouldn’t be going so smoothly.
3. 含蓄条件句
有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来，而是通过某个介词或介词短语（如：with，otherwi，without，but for，in that position）、上下文或其它方式表现出来。这种句子称为含蓄条件句。例如：
But for the help from you ， I would not have had the chance to go to college.
二、虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用
在某些词或短语后接的从句中要使用虚拟语气，表示愿望、建议或命令等。根据虚拟语气的形式不同，虚拟语气可以分为“should类”和“过去时态类”。
（一）should类
corner
这一类的虚拟语气是通过从句中的谓语动词使用“should +动词原形”体现出来的，should可以省略。其具体运用体现在：
1. 在suggest ， order， demand ， propo， command， request， desire，insist等表示建议、命令、要求、意见的动词后接的宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气。
如：He suggests that she should leave the hou at once.
The leader ordered that the task（should） be finished as soon as possible.
He propod that we （should）deal with the problem by the view of development.
2. 与suggest，order，demand，propo，command，request，desire，insist等动词相对应的名词suggestion，order，demand，proposal等后的表语从句或同位语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如：The general nt the order that the battle （should）be held on until the complete failure of the enemy.
My proposal is that we（should） t a deadline for handing in the plan.
3. 在It is/was suggested （ordered，demanded，propod，etc.）结构以及necessary，esntial，important，strange，natural等形容词后的主语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如：
It’s requested that we （should）keep the stability of the society for the people’s peaceful life.
It is necessary that the badly wounded man（should） be treated immediately. （二）过去时态类
英语中，还有一些词或短语后接的从句或句子，也要使用虚拟语气，虚拟语气是通过句中的谓语使用过去的某种时态（如：一般过去时、过去完成时等）来体现的。
1. wish，would rather 后的宾语从句。如：
He wished he had never been involved in such affairs.
I would rather you could teach me again.
2. as if，as though引导的从句。如：
The little boy knows so many things as if he was a man.
He acted as usual as though nothing had happened.
3. 由if only （要是……，那该多好啊！）引导的惊叹句。如：personality
If only I had pasd the test！英国传统美食
If only it stopped raining！
4. It is（about/high） time 后的定语从句。如：
It is time we went out for a walk.
It was high time they had begun to prepare the experiment.
三、虚拟语气的其它用法
在英语中，一些表示建议、请求、劝告、愿望、祈祷、祝福或诅咒的句子，也需要使用虚拟语气。如：
Would you mind smoking here？
May you be lucky！
Long live the people of China！
triumphsGod save me.
虚拟语气练习题
1．Education helps open the mind and provides possibilities that a person ______ otherwi. A．wouldn’t have B．shall not have
C．didn’t have D．doesn’t have
【答案】A
后退英文
【解析】
【详解】
长t恤考查虚拟语气。句意：教育帮助开阔视野，也提供一个原本没有的可能性。分析句子可知，that a person ______ otherwi.为限制性定语从句修饰先行词possibilities，而从句中otherwi否则可知，从句为虚拟条件状语从句，相当于a person wouldn’t have possibilities if there was not education，故选A。
【点睛】
含蓄条件状语从句。有些句子，虽没有含条件关系的连词，却也隐含着条件关系，被叫做含蓄条件状语从句，这些句子常用一些词，如but for, without，otherwi等引出一个介词结构来表示条件，条件应该是虚拟的，或与事实相反的假设。
比如but for 若非，要不是You may consider it uless, but for our customers it's an all-important sign of good rvice. 您也许会认为这样毫无用处，可是对于我们的客户而言，它却是优质服务的重要体现。
without 如果没有...就不...You can't have one without the other, as the song says.就像歌里唱的那样，两者密不可分，不能只取其一。
Otherwi否则，This is the one blemish on an otherwi resounding success. 如果没有这个小小的失误，这就是一次彻底的胜利。
2．_________, the world would be more harmonious.
A．Weren't there any wars B．There weren't any wars
C．Were there no wars D．Had there no wars
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
试题分析：考查虚拟语气。根据后半句would be可知是对现在的虚拟，从句要用过去式，be动词一律用were，另本句为if条件句省略形式，要将were提到句首，同时如果条件句从句为否定，否定词应置于主语后，不能缩略为Weren't置于句首，句意：如果没有战争，世界会更和谐。故选C
考点：考查虚拟语气
3． If John Lennon and Paul McCartney _______ , the pop music of today ________ very different.
A．didn’t meet ; would be
B．hadn’t met; would be
C．didn’t meet ; would have been
D．hadn’t met ; would have been
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
试题分析：考查虚拟语气。虚拟语气用于状语从句中，与过去事实相反的假设：If + 主语 + had + 过去分词，主句主语 + should/would/could/might have+过去分词，但是虚拟条件句和主句动作若发生的时间的不一致，主句和从句的谓语要根据各自所指的不同时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式。题文中的主
句有表现在时间的today，所以应该是主句主语+should/ would/could/might+动词原形。句意：如果约翰列侬和保罗麦卡特尼没有相遇，那今天的流行音乐将大有不同。故选B。
考点：考查虚拟语气
4．She wishes she ______________ to the cinema last night.
A．went B．would go
C．had gone D．were going
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
句意：她希望她那晚去了电影院。根据句意，可知道这里是一个虚拟句，对过去事实的一个虚拟，要用过去完成时。
考点：虚拟语气
5．--- Shall I open the window to let some fresh air in?
--- No,_____
A．I’d rather not B．I’d rather you not
C．I’d rather you didn’t D．I’d like not to
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气和省略的用法。句意：--用不用我打开窗户透透气。---不用了，我宁愿你不打开。A. I’d rather not是I’d rather not open the window的省略句，意思是“我不愿意去开窗”。B. I’d rather you not，I’d rather后不跟you not结构，B项语法不正确。C. I’d rather you didn’t I’d rather后可跟从句，虚拟语气，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时态，表示与现实相反D. I’d like not to此项语法不正确应该用wouldn't like to do sth.。故选C。
单词发音下载6．You _______ a higher score if you hadn’t repeated the same mistake. My suggestion is that
_______and start all over again.
A．should have achieved; you must stay calm B．could have achieved; you stay calm C．must have achieved; you should stay calm D．will have achieved; you must stay calm
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意：如果你没有重复同样的错误，那么，你本来能得更高的分数。我建议你保持冷静，重新开始。第一句考查对过去的虚拟。条件句用过去完成时态，主句用could/would/might have done 形式。结合句意，第一空应填“could have done”，意为“本可以（能够）做某事”。在第二句中，主语为“the suggestion(建议)”，其后的表语从句中，谓语动词应用（should） do形式的虚拟语气，故第二空填(should) stay calm。综上，B选项切题。
7．________ his parents’ advice, he ________ having made such a silly mistake now.
A．He had taken; would not regret
facts
B．Had he taken; would not regret
C．He had taken; would not have regretted
D．Had he had taken; would not have regretted
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查倒装和虚拟语气。句意：如果他听取父母的建议，他就不会现在犯如此愚蠢的错误。If从句与过去相反用过去完成时，省略if后，提前had。主句有提示词now，表示与现在相反，用would+动词原形。故选B。
8．—Did you make it at last?
—Yes. But for your help, it________a rious loss.
A．would cau B．must have caud
C．would have caud D．may cau
【答案】C
alley【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。答句第二句为含蓄条件句，but for引出虚拟条件，此处表示对过去情况的虚拟，故句子谓语形式为would/should/could/might have done。根据句意可知选C。
9．（2017•江苏） _______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.
A．It were B．Were it
C．It was D．Was it
【答案】B
