文章内容 | 各段概括： 人们认为恐龙的灭绝是因为陨石，而有一个科学家认为恐龙的繁荣也是由于陨石。 恐龙比人们认为的要小。姐弟恋 英语 恐龙的足迹并不能够用来精确的辨别出不同的物种。 哈佛模联在岛屿上的蜥蜴生长的体型很大，因为没有竞争生物。 陨石坑在海里很难发现，因为板块发生了漂移。 |
题型分布与答案参考 | TFNG 1 Dr Paul Oln and his colleagues believe that asteroid knock may also lead to dinosaurs’ boom. 2 Books and movie like Jurassic Park often exaggerate the size of the dinosaurs. 3 Dinosaur footprints are more adequate than dinosaur skeletons. 4 The prints were chon by Dr Oln to study becau they are more detectable than earth magnetic field to track a date of geological preci within thousands years. 5 Ichnotaxa showed that footprints of dinosaurs offer exact information of the trace left by an individual species. 6 We can find more Iridium in the earth’s surface than in meteorites. Fill in the blank Dr Oln and his colleagues applied a phenomenon named 7 to explain the large size of the Eubrontes, which is a similar ca to that nowadays reptiles invade a place where there are no 8 ; for example, on an island called Komodo, indigenous huge lizards grow so big that people even regarding them as 9 However, there were no old impact trace being found? The 2012陕西高考数学answer may be that we have 10 the evidence. Old craters are difficult to spot or it probably 11 due todbc the effect of the earth moving. Even a crater formed in Ocean had been 12 under the impact of crust movement. Beside, the third hypothesis is that the potential evidences --- 上海文来中学some craters may be 13 |
相关拓展 | The dinosaurs footprints and extinction EVERYBODY knows that the dinosaurs were killed by an asteroid. Something big hit the earth 65 million years ago and, when the dust had fallen, so had the great reptiles. There is thus a nice, if ironic, symmetry in the idea that a similar impact brought about the dinosaurs' ri. That is the thesis propod by Paul Oln, of Columbia University, and his colleagues in this week's Science. Dinosaurs first appear in the fossil record 230m years ago, during the Triassic period. But they were mostly small, and they shared the earth with lots of other sorts of reptile. It was in the subquent Jurassic, which began 202million years ago, that they overran the planet and turned into the monsters depicted in the book and movie “Jurassic Park”. (Actually, though, the dinosaurs that appeared on screen were from the still more recent Cretaceous （白垩纪）period.) Dr Oln and his colleagues are not the first to suggest that the dinosaurs inherited the earth as the result of an asteroid strike. But they are the first to show that the takeover did, indeed, happen in a geological eyeblink. Dinosaur skeletons are rare. Dinosaur footprints are, however, surprisingly abundant. And the sizes of the prints are beasts as are as good an indication of the sizes of the beats as are the skeletons themlves. Dr Oln and his colleagues therefore concentrated on prints, not bones. The prints in question were made in eastern North America, a part of the world then full of rift valleys similar to tho in East Africa today. Like the modern African rift valleys, the Triassic (n.三叠纪）/Jurassic American ones contained lakes, and the lakes grew and shrank at regular intervals becau of climatic changes caud by periodic shifts in the earth's orbit. (A similar phenomenon is responsible for modern ice ages.) That regularity, combined with reversals in the earth's magnetic field, which are detectable in the tiny fields of certain magnetic minerals, means that rocks from this place and period can be dated to within a few thousand years. As a bonus, squishy (adj.粘糊糊的)lake-edge diments are just the things for recording the tracks of passing animals. By dividing the labour between themlves, the ten authors of the paper were able to study such tracks at 80 sites. The rearchers looked at 18 so-called ichnotaxa (群落). The are recognisable types of footprint that cannot be matched precily with the species of animal that left them. But they can be matched with a general sort of animal, and thus act as an indicator of the fate of that group, even when there are no bones to tell the story. Five of the ichnotaxa disappear before the end of the Triassic, and four march confidently across the boundary into the Jurassic. Six, however, vanish at the boundary, or only just splutter across it; and three appear from nowhere, almost as soon as the Jurassic begins. That boundary itlf is suggestive. The first geological indication of the impact that killed the dinosaurs was an unusually high level of iridium in rocks at the end of the Cretaceous, when the beasts disappear from the fossil record. Iridium is normally rare at the earth's surface, but it is more abundant in meteorites. When people began to believe the impact theory, they started looking for other Cretaceous-end anomalies. One that turned up was a surprising abundance of fern spores in rocks just above the boundary layer—a phenomenon known as a “fern spike”. (n.蕨类） That matched the theory nicely. Many modern ferns are opportunists. They cannot compete against plants with leaves, but if a piece of land is cleared by, say, a volcanic eruption, they are often the first things to t up shop there. An asteroid strike would have scoured much of the earth of its vegetable cover, and provided a paradi for ferns. A fern spike in the rocks is thus a good indication that something terrible has happened. Both an iridium anomaly and a fern spike appear in rocks at the end of the Triassic, too. That accounts for the disappearing ichnotaxa：the creatures that made them did not survive the holocaust. The surpri is how rapidly the new ichnotaxa appear. Dr Oln and his colleagues suggest that the explanation for this rapid increa in size may be a phenomenon called ecological relea. This is en today when reptiles (which, in modern times, tend to be small creatures) reach islands where they face no competitors. The most spectacular example is on the Indonesian island of Komodo, where local lizards have grown so large that they are often referred to as dragons. The dinosaurs, in other words, could flourish only when the competition had been knocked out. That leaves the question of where the impact happened. No large hole in the earth's crust ems to be 202m years old. It may, of cour, have been overlooked. Old craters are eroded and buried, and not always easy to find. Alternatively, it may have vanished. Although continental crust is more or less permanent, the ocean floor is constantly recycled by the tectonic process that bring about continental drift. There is no ocean floor left that is more than 200m years old, so a crater that formed in the ocean would have been swallowed up by now. There is a third possibility, however. This is that the crater is known, but has been misdated. The Manicouagan ''structure", a crater in Quebec, is thought to be 214m years old. It is huge—some 100km across—and ems to be the largest of between three and five craters that formed within a few hours of each other as the lumps of a disintegrated comet hit the earth one by one. |
本文发布于:2023-06-21 06:33:00，感谢您对本站的认可！
本文链接：https://www.wtabcd.cn/fanwen/fan/90/152271.html
版权声明：本站内容均来自互联网，仅供演示用，请勿用于商业和其他非法用途。如果侵犯了您的权益请与我们联系，我们将在24小时内删除。
| 留言与评论（共有 0 条评论） |
