第一阶梯:硬新闻 Pure Hard News (新闻 报道和电讯) “记实性”最强
第三阶梯:软新闻 Pure Soft News “记实性”最弱,雄黄酒“娱乐性”最强
中间阶梯:特写 Feature Articles “记实性” 与“娱乐性”兼而有之
新闻价值作为选择报道事实的标准,包括下列因素:
1)时新性(freshness/timeliness)
2)重要性 (importance/significance)
3)接近性(nearness/locality)
4)显著性(prominence)
5)趣闻性(interest)
消息报道 News reporting
特写 Features
社论 Editorial
广告Advertiments
第一阶梯:硬新闻 Pure Hard News(新闻 报道和电讯) “记实性”最强
第三阶梯:软新闻 Pure Soft News “记实性”最弱,“娱乐性”最强
中间阶梯:特写 Feature Articles “记实性” 与“娱乐性”兼而有之
倒金字塔结构 (Inverted Pyramid)
把最重要的内容放在新闻的最前面。随后按重要性递减依次排列其他内容。它的优点是能迅速地把最新鲜、最重要的事实,开门见山地告诉读者,使读者一目了然,节省读报时间。把新闻五要素(即5W: where, when, who,what, why)放在第一段
标题 headline
导语 lead
主体 body
背景 background
结语 conclusion
广泛使用名词(Nouns)
广泛使用简短小词(Midget Words)
薄荷的英文
使用缩略语(Abbreviations)
Divorce New York Style (NYT) 纽约式离婚
Cabinet papers leak inquiry (Guardian) 内阁文件泄密事件调查工作
Corruption Reports Against Police Ri (NYT) 指控警方受贿呼声四起
The rod comes back (Newsweek) (英国小学中体罚之风又起
GOP Shakedown Crui (Newsweek) 共和党的(竞选)试航(揭开序幕
The U of Midget Words
ptvhelp --- assistance try --- attempt
car --- vehicle ea --- facilitate
home --- residence enough --- sufficient fire --- conflagration begin --- implement
periodical
probe --- investigate feud --- controversy
row --- conflict pact --- agreement
talk --- address envoy --- ambassador
Abbreviations ( Acronyms & Initials )
NPC (the National people’s Congress)leatherware全国人民代表大会
CPPCC (the Chine People’s Political Consultative Conference )中国人民政治协商会议
UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization)联合国教科文组织
NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) (美国)国家航空航天局
EU (European Union) 欧盟
WTO (World Trade Organization) 世界贸易组织
Abbreviations (Clipped Words)
biz=business(商业)
lib=liberation(解放)
pro=professional(专业的;职业的)
nat'l=national(全国的)
com'l=commercial(商业的;广告)
tech=technology(技术)
pix=pictures(电影)
Russ=Russia(俄罗斯)
Sec=cretary(秘书)
chute=parachute(降落伞)
copter=helicopter(直升机)
N. Y. Officials Want More DNA Samples
纽约市官员需要更多DNA 样本
US, DPRK resume talks on nuke issue
美国和朝鲜民主主义共和国恢复核武器问题的会谈
Australia’s GDP growth outlook improves
澳大利亚国内生产总值稳定增长
Record SAR admissions to mainland universities
香港学生北上升学人数倍增
二、英文标题的语法特点
(Grammatical Features)
广泛使用现在时, 兼用其他时态
广泛使用非谓语动词(Non-finite Verbs)
从句法结构上讲,省略是标题的最大特点
Journalistic Prent Ten
( 新闻现在时)
French Culture Is In The Doldrums
法国文化颓然不振
Husband And Wife Team Unlocks New Gene Secrets 夫妻联手解开新的基因奥秘
One of the Lost Tribes of Israel Surfaces in India
一个被忘却的以色列部落在印度出现
‘The Departed' Lands Best Picture Oscar
《无间道行者》获79届奥斯卡最佳影片奖
It Was a Good Barn
昔时,它曾是座好谷仓
Women Are Becoming Experts At Home Repairs
白色的英文妇女正在成为家庭装修能手
U. S. Analysts Find No Sign bin Laden Had Nuclear Arms
美分析人士未发现本·拉登拥有核武器的证据
广泛使用非谓语动词(Non-finite Verbs)
Five Ways To Be Romantic 浪漫五法
New Efforts To Learn About Planet Mars 探测火星的新举措
Helping the Homeless to Help Themlves 帮助无家可归者自强自立
Looking Back to Look Ahead 回首往昔 展望未来
Film Star Clint Eastwood Honored in Gala Tribute 影星克林特伊斯特伍德受庆典嘉奖
Four Killed and Five Hurt in a Hou Fire 房屋起火五伤四亡
Cloning Technology Unlikely to Take Over the World 克隆技术不太可能主宰世界
Ten Die in Kashmir Temple Attack 克什米尔神庙附近发生大火, 十人丧生
Anderson Chief Quits in Effort to Rescue Firm 安然总裁为挽救公司辞职
Location of 2007 Grammys in Question 2007tsutsu年度格莱美奖颁奖地点未定
三、英文标题的修辞特点
(Rhetorical Features)
简约 (Short and Simple)
英译汉翻译软件
使用俚俗词语 (Slang and Colloquialism)
使用修辞格 (Figures of Speech)
One-word Headlines and the U of Phras
Endgame 最后一盘棋
Playtime 欢乐时光
Alcohol and Death 酒精与死亡
007 Movies in Retrospect 007 电影回顾
Monarch at the Crossroads 英国王室处在十字路口
Nike, From Small Beginnings to World Giant 耐克,从无名小卒到世界巨人
Slang and Colloquialism
Cops: Man Wanted in N. J. Arrested 警方称,新泽西州通缉犯已被抓获
Florida Court Oks Propod Office Smoking Ban 佛州法院通过办公室禁止吸烟提案
Pioneer Colleges Face Axe 一些实验学院面临砍削
Tourism Up and Violence Down, Jamaica says 牙买加称,旅游业蒸蒸日上, 暴力犯罪日益减少
Figures of Speech
押韵)After the Boom, Everything is Gloom
功能英文
繁荣过后,尽是萧条
(双关)Soccer Kicks Off With Violence 足球开赛拳打脚踢
(比喻)Middle East: Cradle of Terror
中东 --- 恐怖主义的摇篮
(夸张)chennaiA Vow to Zip His Lips
誓将守口如瓶
(仿拟) Liberty: Mother of Success
自由是发明之母
(双关)”Silent” Office Workers Demand To Be Heard
“不闻不问” 的办公室员工,今后将不再不闻不问
(比喻) Russian Reform --- Old Wine in New Bottle