九年级U 13 词汇精讲
1.litter n. 垃圾；废弃物 (不可数名词) v. 乱扔
eg: There are no more people throwing litter in public places.
Don’t litter in parks. (不及物动词)
Ask him not to litter paper everywhere. (及物动词)
辨析: litter、rubbish、waste 、trash、garbage
这三个词均含“垃圾、废弃物” 之意
litter | 指随手丢弃的垃圾 | Plea do not drop litter everywhere. |
rubbish | 指任何成堆的、破损的、用过的或无用的东西 | You’d better not throw the rubbish on the ground. |
waste | 指任何被丢弃的东西 | There will be no waste as long as we have a little creativity. |
| | |
2. bottom n. 底部; 最下部; 臀部
反义词: top “顶端; 顶部”
at the bottom of 在…的底部 at the top of 在….的顶端
eg: The ship sank to the bottom of the a.
from the bottom of one’s heart 在内心深处 真诚地
eg: When I said I believe you, I meant it from the bottom of my heart.
bottom line 归根结底; debate最重要的是全权
eg: The bottom line is that he lied to me. 归根结底, 他还是对我撒谎了。
3. fisherman n. 渔民；钓鱼的人
复数形式: fishermen
eg: Tho fishermen often fish in the a.
VS: fisher n. (古) 渔夫; 食鱼貂
go fishing
4. coal n. 煤(U); 煤块(C) v. 采煤
eg: Gas is cheaper than coal.
the coal industry 煤炭工业
5. ugly adj. 丑陋的,难看的; 邪恶的,凶险的——n. ugliness
eg: an ugly little hat 一顶丑陋的小帽子 an ugly building 难看的建筑
There were ugly scenes in the streets. 街上险象环生。
6. advantage n. 优点; 有利条件—反义词: disadvantage n. 缺点，不利条件
the advantage of… …的优点
take (good) advantage of… (好好)利用…
to advantage 最佳地 有效地
eg: We took full advantage of the hotel facilities. 我们充分享用了旅馆设施。
It has more advantages than disadvantages. 这件事利大于弊。
7. cost v. (cost cost) 花费 n. 花费，价钱; 代价
the cost of… …的费用
at all costs 不惜任何代价
at any cost 无论如何
eg: He is determined to win at any cost. 他决心无论如何要赢.
The cost of running a car is increasing. 养车费用越来越高.
辨析: cost、spend、take、pay
smart中文意思cost(cost/cost) | 物+cost +(sb)+金钱 | The backpack cost me 50 yuan. |
spend(spent/spent) | 人+spend(s) 时间/金钱 on sth./ (in) doing sth. | I spent 500 yuan on the coat. |
take(took/taken) | It takes sb. 时间 to do sth. | It took the workers 3 years to build the palace. |
pay(paid/paid) | 人+pay(s) 金钱儒森汉语+for sth. | She paid 30 yuan for the book. |
| | |
8. wooden adj. 木制的、木头的; 呆板的、木讷的——n. wood 木头 木材 woods 树林
英语中, 有些名词加后缀-en可构成形容词, 表示“由…制成的”.
9. plastic n. 塑料、塑料制品; adj. 塑料的; (口) 信用卡
eg: There are many plastic plates on the table.
He pays with cash instead of with plastic.
wool n. 羊毛 | woolen adj. 羊毛制的 |
nixonsilk n. 丝绸 | silken adj. 丝制的 |
gold n. 金; 金色 | golden adj. 金制的; 金色的 |
| |
10. takeaway n. 外卖食物
eg. I prefer homemade food to takeaways.
动词 take 有关的短语
take away 拿走 带走 | take action 采取行动 | take after 像 | take care当心 |
take down 拆除 记录 往下拽 | take exerci 做运动 | take in 吸入 | take notes 做笔记 |
take off 脱下(衣服); (飞机)起飞 | take on 呈现 雇用 | take out取出 | take over接收 接管 |
take place 发生 | take turns轮流 | take up 学着做; 占据 | take a message 捎口信 |
take a break/breaks 休息 | take a photo/photos拍照 | take a risk/risks 冒险 | take a shower 洗淋浴 |
take a trip 去旅行 | take a vacation 去度假 | take a walk 去散步 | take care of 照顾 |
take one’s order 点菜 | take one’s place代替 | take one’s temperature量体温 | take one’s time 不急 慢慢来 |
take part in 参加 | take pride in 为…感到骄傲 | take the subway 乘地铁 规格翻译 | take an interest in 对…感兴趣高级财务会计 |
| | | |
11. cruel adj. 残酷的; 残忍的; 冷酷的 be cruel to sb./sth 对某人/某物残忍
eg: It’s cruel to keep animals in cages.
Cruelty n.残酷，残忍
12. harmful adj. 有害的; 不利的
be harmful to 对…有害 同义短语: be bad for 对…有害 be good for对…有益
harm n. 损害，伤害
do harm to 对…有害
eg: The air pollution does harm to our health.
13. chain n. (C) 链子 链条; 连锁商店 v. 用链条拴
a heavy gold chain 一条粗实的金项链
a supermarket chain 一家连锁超市
the food chain 食物链
a chain of 一连串; 一系列
14. ecosystem n. 生态系统 (eco-: 家、生态; system n. 系统)
the forest ecosystem 森林生态系统
system n. 制度、体制; 系统
eg: the British educational system 英国的教育制度
15. industry n. (C)工业 行业; (U) 表示工业的总称; 勤奋、勤劳
eg: I work in the oil industry.
Great changes have taken place in industry. 工业领域已经发生了巨大变化
We were impresd by their industry. 他们的勤奋给我们留下了深刻印象.
Industrial adj.工业的，产业的
16. law n. 法律 法规; 法律学
辨析: law act rule
law | 普通用词; phillip phillips最高当局或立法机关所通过的任何成文或不成文的法规或条例 |
rule | 机关、团体的规章、条例或比赛规则 |
act | 立法机构通过并由行政管理签署的法案 |
| |
Lawyer n.律师
Lawmaker n.立法者
18. scientific adj. 科学的; 科学上的;
science n. 科学 science and technology 科技
science fiction 科幻小说 scientist n. 科学家
eg: There’s been scientific rearch lately. (2018.完形填空)北京外教网
19. afford v. 承担得起; 买得起
常与can\could\ be able to 等连用, 表示在能力、经济或时间上能承受或做到某事, 多用于否定句中; sal
负担得起(做)某事/物: be able to /can afford (to do ) sth
负担不起(做)某事/物: be unable to/can’t afford (to do ) sth
eg: He can’t afford to buy a new mobile phone.
20. turn 短语
turn around 转身 掉头 | turn on 打开 | turn off 关闭 |
turn up 跳高 | turn down调低; 拒绝 | turn out 结果是 |
turn over 翻身 反转 | turn to 向…求助 | turn left/right 向左/右转 |
| | |
21. reusable adj. 可重复使用的; 可再次使用的
由 “ 前缀 re-+usable” 构成的
