2021高考英语专题第三讲词性转换(构词法)

更新时间:2023-06-19 19:12:06 阅读：评论：0

第三讲　词性转换(构词法)

【典题试做】　

1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been poorly(poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20，000－25，000 polar bears worldwide.

2．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increas in bear sightings around human ttlements, leading to a belief(believe) that populations are increasing.

3．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Her years of hard work have finally(final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名) her to be Cheshire’s Woman Of The Year.

4．(2019·全国卷Ⅱforget是什么意思)We are so proud of her.It’s wonderful(wonder)．

5．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting competition(compete) to watch, together with the story behind it.

6．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)They also shared with us many traditional(tradition) stories about Hawaii that were hugely(huge) popular with tourists.

7．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ) Running is cheap, easy and it’s always energetic(energy)．

8．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)A taste for meat is actually(actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is ud to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.

9．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total global(globe) fertilizer consumption.

10．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I’m a scientist(science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.

11．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)This development was only possible with the introduction(introduce) of electricpowered engines and lifts.

12．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)The Central London Railway was one of the most successful(success) of the new lines, and was opened in 1900.

1．给出其他词性形式(通常为动词、形容词)提示词，填写名词；

2．考查形容词和副词之间的词性转换。　

【典题试做】　

1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)To everyone’s surprising, the ball went into the net. surprising→surpri

2．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)What I want is not just an ordinarily cafe but a very special one. ordinarily→ordinary

3．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)I felt happily that their life had improved. happily→happy

4．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ) Immediate, I raid my hand. Immediate→Immediately

1．名词与其他词性的误用；

2．形容词与副词之间的误用。　

动词、形容词转化为名词

1电影铁娘子．动词转化为名词

后缀	例词
ion/tion/ sion/ation	expect→expectation 期望 correct→correction 改正 attract→attraction 吸引 discuss→discussion 讨论；辩论特殊：explain→explanation 解释 admit→admission 接纳；准许入学 compete→competition 比赛，竞争 pronounce→pronunciation 发音 describe→description 描写 decide→decision 决定 celebrate→celebration 庆祝；庆祝会 conclude四级真题→conclusion 结论 invite→invitation 邀请 graduate→graduation 毕业
er/or	read→reader 读者 drive→driver 司机；驾驶员 announce→announcer 广播员 conduct→conductor 指挥；售票员
ment	punish→punishment 惩罚 achieve→achievement 功绩；成就 treat→treatment 对待；治疗 equip→equipment 装备；设备 govern→government 政府特殊：argue→argument 辩论；论据
ance/ence	appear→appearance 　出现；外貌 perform→performance 表演；节目 exist→existence 存在；生存 prefer→preference 偏爱 refer→reference 参考；查阅特殊：guide→guidance 指引；指导
ing	begin→beginning 开始
ure/ture	fail→failure 　失败；倒闭 press→pressure 压力 depart→departure 离开；出发 mix→mixture 混合；混合物特殊：expo→exposure 暴露
y	recover→recovery 　恢复；痊愈 discover→discovery threes发现
其他	choo→choice 　选择 vary→variety 多样化；种类 tend→tendency 趋向；趋势synonym

2.形容词转化为名词

king是什么意思

后缀	例词
age	short→shortage 不足；短缺
cy	accurate→accuracy 准确性 private→privacy 隐私；私密 efficient→efficiency 英语课堂视频效率；功效 fluent→fluency 流利；流畅
dom	free→freedom 自由；自主　特殊：wi→wisdom 明智；智慧　 boredmy holiday英语作文→boredom 厌烦
ence/ance	different→difference 差异 silent→silence 沉默 patient→patience 耐心 abnt→abnce 缺席 prent→prence 出席 confident→confidence 信心 convenient→convenience 便利 important→importance 重要
ness	weak→weakness 　虚弱；弱点 kind→kindness 仁慈；好意 careless→carelessness 粗心大意
th	warm→warmth 温暖；热情　特殊：strong→strength 力气；强项 deep→depth 深度 long→length 长度 wide→width 宽度
y/ty/ity	honest→honesty 　诚实 difficult→difficulty 困难 safe→safety 安全 cruel→cruelty 残酷；残暴　特殊：responsible→responsibility 责任 disable→disability 无能；伤残

名词、动词转化为形容词

后缀	例词
able	accept→acceptable 可接受的 comfort→comfortable 舒适的 fashion→fashionable 时髦的 suit→suitable 合适的 reason→reasonable 有道理的
al	music→musical 音乐的 origin→original 最初的 person→personal 个人的；私人的 center→central 中央的；中心的 nature→natural 自然的；天生的

续　表

后缀	例词
ful	doubt→doubtful 　怀疑的 forget→forgetful 健忘的 harm→harmful 有害的 hope→hopeful 有希望的 peace→peaceful 和平的
ed	scare→scared 感到恐惧的 confu→confud 感到困惑的 underline→underlined loveless加下划线的
ing	surpri→surprising 令人惊异的 convince→convincing 令人信服的 satisfy→satisfying 令人满意的国际音标教学视频
ible	access→accessible 　容易取得的 horror→horrible 可怕的；恐怖的 terror→terrible 可怕的
ive	act→active 积极的；活跃的 effect→effective 有效的；生效的 attract→attractive 有吸引力的 impress→impressive 给人深刻印象的
ous	continue→continuous 　不断的；持续的 anxiety→anxious 忧虑的 caution→cautious 十分小心的；谨慎的 curiosity→curious 好奇的 humor→humorous 幽默的
some	tire→tiresome 令人厌倦的 trouble→troublesome 麻烦的
y	taste→tasty 　美味的；可口的 health→healthy 健康的 wealth→wealthy 富裕的；丰富的


ern	east→eastern 东方的；向东的 west→western 西方的；向西的
ish	child→childish 　孩子气的 fool→foolish 愚蠢的；可笑的 lf→lfish 自私的