矛盾修饰法矛盾修饰法(Oxymoron)
闺蜜日是几月几号
矛盾修饰法矛盾修饰法(Oxymoron)是将两个互相矛盾，互不调和，的词放在同一个短语中，产生特殊的深刻含义的一种修辞手段。用它来状物写景，能突出事物的实质；用它来描绘人物，能使其更加鲜明；用它来表达复杂的思想感情或意味深长的哲理，能使其更强烈，更深刻。它是一种紧缩隽语。矛盾修饰法是将两个意思截然不同的词放在一起，结合成一个词组，而对语是通过平行结构引起两个概念的对比。
矛盾修饰法：从哲学上讲，是对立的统一；从艺术上讲，更能体现出描写主体的个性化，更具渲染力。
例如：
1.a clever fool聪明的傻瓜
2.a victorious defeat胜利的失败
3.cruel kindness残酷的仁慈
4.expressionless expression毫无表情的表情
5.sick health憔悴的健康
6.a living death行尸走肉
7.with careful carelessness小心翼翼又漫不经心地
8.bright and dark既光彩夺目，又朦胧黑暗
9.dove-feather’d raven披着白鸽羽毛的乌鸦
10.with her disagreeably pleasant laugh（她）自鸣得意却令人讨厌地笑起来
外面11.an honorable villain体面的恶棍
12.There was an audible stillness, in which the common voice sounded strange.(from Sister Carrie by Theodore Dreir)
这时是一片听得见的寂静，连人声听起来都是异样的。(选自美国作家西奥多•德莱塞的长
updating什么意思篇小说《嘉莉妹妹》)(作者用audible来修饰stillness，匠心独具地从反面烘托环境，使人耳目一新，过目难忘。矛盾的对立面取得了高度的一致，形成了完美的统一。)
"How you shot the goat and frightened the tiger to death," said Miss Mebbin,with her disagreeably pleasant laugh.
──Saki: Mrs. Packletide's Tiger
该句中的disagreeably pleasant就是矛盾修饰法，把disagreeably和pleasant两个意义截然相反的词放在一起，揭示了Miss Mebbin企图抓住Mrs. Packletide的虚荣心进行敲诈时那种既讨厌又得意的神态。再如：
The Major again presd to his blue lips the tips of the fingers that were dispod on the ledge of the wheeled chair with careful carelessness.
句中的careful carelessness这两个词似乎是矛盾的，既然是carelessness为什么又careful呢？但若推敲一下，我们不难发现作者把careful和carelessness用在一起是有其用意的，他所要表达的正是少校那种既小心翼翼又漫不经心的矛盾心理。
矛盾修饰法的特点决定了它的构成，一般有以下几种：
形容词＋名词如：tearful joy, proud humility, beautiful tyrant, orderly chaos等等。
副词＋V-ing如：deliciously aching, changelessly changing等等。
副词＋形容词如：dully bright, mildly magnificent, conspicuously abnt, mercifully fatal等等。
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动词＋副词如：hasten slowly, groan loudly, shine darkly等等。
形容词＋形容词如：bitter sweet memories, bad good news, poor rich guys, cold pleasant manners等等。
初中英文自我介绍 动词分词＋名词如：a living death, wolfish-ravening lamb, loving hate, a dammed saint等等。
英语矛盾修饰法有以下几种修辞作用：
1.形成鲜明生动的对比，给人以深刻的印象。
Juliet: O rpent heart, hid with a flowering face!
Did ever dragon keep so fair a cave?
Beautiful tyrant! fiend angelical!
Dove-feather'd raven! wolvish ravening lamb!
Despid substance of divinest show!
Just opposite to what thou justly em'ist.
A dammed saint, an honorable villain!
──Shakespeare: Romeo and Juliet
这是Juliet听到她的表哥Tybalt已被Romeo杀死后说的一段话，作者用了一系列的词意矛盾的词语：用beautiful(美丽的)修饰tyrant(暴君)，用angelical(天使般的)修饰fiend(魔鬼),用dove-feather'd(披着白鸽羽毛的)修饰raven(乌鸦)，用wolvish-ravening(豺狼一样残忍的)修
饰lamb(羊羔)，用dammed(万恶的)修饰saint(圣人)，用honorable修饰villain(奸徒)，对比鲜明生动，充分表现了Juliet极其复杂的矛盾心情，给人留下深刻的印象。再如：
He sat in the square and watched them, so changelessly changing, so bright and dark, so grave and gay.
changelessly与change是意思相反的两个词，表面上看来好像风马牛不相及，但经推敲后，我们不但不觉得矛盾，反而觉得入情入理，作者需要描写的正是这种"既始终如一，又变化多端"的景色。生动自然，形象具体。
2.加强语势，起强调作用。
构成矛盾关系的两个词一般属于修饰和被修饰的关系，所以往往强调了被修饰词。例如：
An atmosphere of dangerous calm could be felt throughout the mining region.
easter是什么意思 为了渲染气氛，加强语势，作者用dangerous来修饰calm，给人以一种很不平静的感觉，从而使这种"平静"得到了强调，给人以一种亲临其境的强烈感受。再如：
苦难是一笔财富 Here is much to do with hate, but more with love;
Why then, O brawling love! O loving hate!
O anything, of nothing first create!
O heavy lightness! Serious vanity!
Misshapen chaos of well-eming forms!
──Shakespeare: Romeo and Juliet
这里brawling修饰love, loving修饰hate, heavy修饰lightness, rious修饰vanity都是互相矛盾的关系。吵吵闹闹和相爱，亲亲热热和怨恨，沉重和轻浮，严肃和轻浮，词义都是彼此矛盾的，用在一起更加衬托出爱恨、轻浮和狂妄的程度。
3.言简意赅，起概括作用。
afterburner
矛盾修饰法对复杂的概念起概括作用，常常语言精练出奇，意思含蓄深刻。例如：
So there he is at last. Man on the moon. The poor magnificent bungler. He can't even get to the office without undergoing the agonies of the dammed, but give him a metal, a few chemicals, some wire and twenty or thirty billion dollars and there he is up on a rock a quarter of a million miles up in the sky.旺旺英语论坛
──Rusll Baker: New York Times
这是美国专栏作家Baker为《纽约时报》写的一篇专栏文章中的一段，作者用The poor magnificent bungler的矛盾修饰法，非常简洁生动地概括讽刺了美国政府花费几百亿美元用于航天事业，从而使人登上了月球，但却忽视了美国最基本的社会问题──改善生活质量的问题。含义深刻，寓意明确。再如：
Better a witty fool than a foolish wit.
PUN
一、“pun”与“双关”的定义比较
(一)“pun”的定义及其对应例证
exercis怎么读 1、《牛津英语词典》(The Oxford English Dictionary. 1989. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Vo1.xII.P832)给“pun”下的定义：“The u of a word in such a way as to suggest two or more meanings or different associations, or the u of two or more words of the same or nearly the same sound with different meanings, so as to produce a humorous effect.”(用一个词去暗示两种或两种以上的意义或引起不同的联想，或者用两个或两个以上发音相同或相近而意义不同的词，以产生一种幽默效果。)
