名词从句（unittwoGrammar）
第一篇：名词从句(unit two Grammar)
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(Noun Claus）。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。1 引导名词性从句的连接词
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：
连接词：that,whether,if 不充当从句的任何成分）
连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom，who, which.连接副词：when, where, how, why
不可省略的连词：
1.介词后的连词
2.引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。
That she was chon made us very happy.We heard the news that our team had won.比较：whether与if 均为“是否”的意思。但在下列情况下，whether 不能被if 取代： 1.whether引导主语从句并在句首 2.引导表语从句
3.whether从句作介词宾语 4.从句后有“or not”
Whether he will come is not clear.一．主语从句
主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。
1.It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较
It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如：
It is a pity that you didn’t go to e the film.It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.It is in the morning that the murder took place.It is John that broke the window.2.用it 作形式主语的结构
用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：
a.It + be +形容词+ that-从句
It is necessary that…英文字母
有必要……
决赛英文
It is important that…
重要的是……
eegIt is obvious that…
很明显……
b.It + be +-ed 分词+ that-从句
It is believed that…
人们相信……
It is known to all that…
从所周知……
It has been decided that…
已决定……
It is reported that…
据报道…
c.It + be +名词+ that-从句
It is common knowledge that…
……是常识
It is a surpri that…
令人惊奇的是……
It is a fact that…
pigeons事实是……
It is an honor that …非常荣幸
d.It +不及物动词+ that-分句
It appears that…
似乎……
It happens that…
碰巧……
酷抠族
It occurred to me that…
我突然想起……
It ems that… 似乎…
3.主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况
(1)if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。
34街奇迹(2)It is said ,(reported)…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：
It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week.(right)That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said.(wrong)
(3)It happens…, It occurs… 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：
It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.(right)That he failed in the examination occurred to him.(wrong)
(4)It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：
It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.(right)Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter.(wrong)
(5)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如：
Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?(right)Is that will rain in the evening likely?(wrong)4.What 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别
What 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，而that 则不然。例如：
1)What you said yesterday is right.2)That she is still alive is a consolation.二．宾语从句
宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。
1.作动词的宾语
(1)由that引导的宾语从句（that 通常可以省略）,例如：
I heard that be joined the army.(2)由what, whether(if)引导的宾语从句，例如：
1)She did not know what had happened.2)I wonder whether you can change this note for me.(3)动词＋间接宾语＋宾语从句。例如：
She told me that she would accept my invitation.2.作介词的宾语
例如：Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.3.作形容词的宾语
例如：I am afraid(that)I’ve made a mistake.That 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语： Anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprid, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, plead, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。
4.It 可以作为形式宾语
It 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。例如：
We heard it that she would get married next month..5.后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词
这类动词有Allow, refu, let, like, cau, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。例如：
I admire their winning the match.(right)I admire that they won the match.(wrong)6.不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词剖面图英文
cena
有些动词不可用于“动词＋间接宾语＋that从句“结构中，常见的有Envy, order, accu, refu, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advi, congratulate等。例如：
He impresd the manager as an honest man.(right)ccfl
He impresd the manager that he was an honest man.(wrong)7.否定的转移
若主句谓语动词为Think, consider, wuppo, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：
I don’t think this dress fits you well.（我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。）
1)将think, believe, suppo, expect, fancy, imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。
I don't think I know you.我想我并不认识你。tin man
I don' t believe he will come.我相信他不回来。
注意：若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。
I hope you weren't ill.我想你没有生病吧。
2)将em, appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前面。
It doesn't em that they know where to go.看来他们不知道往哪去。
It doesn't appear that we'll have a sunny day tomorrow.看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。
3)有时将动名词，介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定。
I don't remember having ever en such a man.我记得从未见过这样一个人。(not否定动名词短语 having…)
It's not a place where anyone would expect to e strange characters on the street.在这里，人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人。
