宾语从句
一、宾语从句的定义
在句中起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。
引导宾语从句的连接词：
连词：that (that 常可省略),whether, if
代词：who, whom，understandwho, what ,which，whatever，whichever，whoever等
副词：when ,where, how, why 等。
宾语从句分三类：动词的宾语从句；介词的宾语从句；形容词的宾语从句。
（1）动词的宾语从句：作动词的宾语
大多数及物动词可以带宾语从句，有些动词短语也可以带宾语从句。
I heard that he would come here later on.
（2）介词的宾语从句：作介词的宾语
一般情况下，介词后只用wh-类连接词引导宾语从句。
He said nothing about who broke the window last night.
自然拼读（3）形容词的宾语从句：作形容词的宾语
在afraid，certain，glad，happy，plead，sure，surpri，satisfied，sorry等表示感情的形容词后可接宾语从句。
I’m sorry you are having trouble in making friends.
二、宾语从句中引导词（连接词）的用法
1.that，if/whether引导
that，whether，if引导宾语从句时都只起连接作用，不作句子成分。That无意义且可省略，而whether/if意为“是否”，故不可省略。
He told me that he would go to the college the next year.
I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.
Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.
2.连接代词引导
当连接代词who, whom，外研版小学英语教案who, what ,which，whatever，whichever，whoever等引导宾语从句时，可以在宾语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。每个连词都有自己特定的意义，一般不能省略。
The book will show you what the best CEOs should know.
Do you know who has won Red Alert game?
Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone?
3.连接副词引导
当连接副词when，where，why，how，however等引导宾语从句时，可以在从句中充当状语，表示时间、地点、方式、原因等。每个副词都有自己特定的意义，一般不能省略。有时how many和how much也可以引导宾语从句。
He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.
Could you plea tell me how you u the new panel?
None of us knows where the new parts can be bought.
三.宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序即：连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分。
即使主句为疑问句语序，从句也用陈述句语序。
I don’t know what they are looking for.
Could you tell me when the train will leave?
四.宾语从句的时态
1.主句是一般现在时或将来时，从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。
例句：The headmaster hopes everything goes well.
董事长的英文I hope you will find the ideas uful.
2.主句是过去时态，从句须用过去时态的某种形式。
例句：She was sorry that she hadn’t finished her work on time.
3.当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。
例句：The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.
五、宾语从句的否定转移
1.当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppo, expect 等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，
常把否定转移至主句表示。
例句：I don’t think it is right for him to treat you like that.
2.buckingham palace主句的谓语动词是think ,believe, imagine, suppo, consider, expect, fancy, guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.
例句：I don’t believe that man is killed by Jim,is he? 我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的,是不是?
I expect our English teacher will be back this weekend, won't she/he?
We suppo you have finished the project, haven't you?
3.如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词(不包含带有否定前缀的词，如：unhappy，unfair，dislike等),其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.
例句：We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully, does he? 我们发现他从不仔
细听老师讲课，是不是？
4.当主句的主语是第二、三人称时，其反义疑问句一般与主句保持一致。
例句：Your sister suppos she needs no help, doesn't she?
You thought they could have completed the project, didn't you?
They don't believe she's an engineer, do they?
She doesn't expect that we are coming so soon, does she?
六、宾语从句中that不能省略的情况
1、当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的that不可省。
例句：fipI believe（that）you have done your best and that things will get better．
2.当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省。
the bird
例句：Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.
3.当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。
例句：I can’t tell him that his mother died.
4.当it作形式宾语时
例句：She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him．
许多带复合宾语的句子，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it作形式宾语。
5.当宾语从句前置时
例句：That our team will win，I believe．
6.当that作learn, suggest, explain, agree, wonder, prove, mean, state, feel, holdone more thing等动词的宾语时。
例句：She suggest that we get up early.
七、宾语从句中只用whether或只能用if的情况
1.只能用whether，不能用if：
①在具有选择意义，又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether（if…or not也可以使用）。
如：Let me know whether ／if he will come or not．（＝Let me know whether or not he will come）
I don't know whether ／if he does any washing or not．（＝I don't know whether or not he does any washing．）
I wonder whether we stay or whether we go．
②在介词之后用whether。
如：I'm interested in whether he likes English．
英语九百句
We're thinking about whether we can finish the work on time．
③在不定式前用whether。
如：He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man．
He hasn't decided whether to go by bus or by train．
④whether置于句首时，不能换用if。
如：Whether this is true or not，I can't say．
⑤引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。你最珍贵英文
如：Whether she will come or not is still a question．
⑥若用if会引起歧义时，则用whether。
如：Plea let me know if you like the book.可理解为：
