句型 | 构成 | 例句 |
肯定句 | 成人高考培训主语 + be + 过去分词( + by... ) | English is spoken everywhere. 到处有人说英语。 |
否定句 | 主语 + be + not + 过去分词( + by…) | English isn’ t spoken by people here. 这里的人不说英语。 |
一般疑问句 | Be + 主语 + 过去分词(+ by...)? | —Was Tom asked to come early? 汤姆被要求早点来吗? —Yes, he was. 是的,他被要求了。/No, he wasn’ t. 不,他没有。 |
特殊疑问句 | 特殊疑问词 + be + 主语 + 过去分词(+by...)? | Why was this bridge destroyed by the government? 政府为什么要拆毁这座桥? |
时态 | 结构 | 例句 |
一般现在时 | 主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词 + 其他 | History is made by the people. 历史是人们创造的。 The books are designed for children. 这些书是为孩子们设计的。 |
一般过去时 | 主语 + was/were + 过去分词 + 其他 | The letter was written in English. 这封信是用英语写的。 The cars were made in Shanghai. 这些车是上海生产的。 |
一般将来时 | 主语 + will be + 过去分词 + 其他 | Your job will be kept open for your return. 你的工作将保留到你回来。 When will the work be finished? 这项工作什么时候完成? |
现在进行时 | 主语+ am/is/am + being + 过去分词 +其他 | A new railway is being built. 一条新铁路正在修建。 Becau my car is being repaired, I have to go to work by taxi. 因为我的车正在修理,所以我不得不坐出租车去上班。 |
过去进行时 | 主语+ was/were + being + 过去分词+ 其他 | The hall was being built last year. I’ m not sure if it is completed. 这个个大厅去年正在修建,我不清楚建好了没有。 The road was being widened when I pasd by the village. 当我经过那个村庄时,道路正在加宽。 |
现在完成时 | 主语 +have/has been + 过去分词 + 其他 | He has been nt to work in Shanghai. 他已经被派往上海工作了。 Has the sports meeting been put off until next Friday? 运动会已经推迟到下周五了吗? |
过去完成时 | 主语 + had been + 过去分词 + 其他 | The room had been broken into before we came. 我们来之前已经有人强行进过这间屋子。 A new hotel had been built when I got there. 我到那儿时,一座新旅馆已经建好了。 |
情态动词 | 主语 + 情态动词 + be + 过去分词 + 其他 | Her temperature should be taken twice a day. 她的体温应该一天量两次。 If heated, water can be turned into vapour. 如果受热,水会变成蒸气。 |
用法 | 例句 |
不知道或者不必说出动作的执行者 | How is this word pronounced? 这个单词怎么发音? The book was published in 2005. 这本书是2005年出版的。 venz |
强调动作的承受者 | School will be opened in our village. 我们村将开办一所新的希望学校。 |
当动作的执行者是泛指时 | He is suspected of robbing the bank. 有人怀疑他抢劫银行。 |
表示委婉或礼貌,避免提及动作的执行者 | I have been told many times not to make nois. 有人多次告诉我不要吵闹。 |
起飞英文句法修饰的需要 | The lecture will be made by Joe, who is a young musician from Italy. 乔要做这个报告,他是意大利的一位年轻的音乐家。 |
有些动词习惯上常用被动语态 | He was born in this city. 他出生在这个城市。 It is reported that he is a professor from New Zealand. 据报道,他是来自新西兰的一位教授。 |
说明 | 例句 | |
含有单个宾语的主动句,即"主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语":把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语,并依据上表(被动语态的各种时态形式)谓语改为被动形式;如果需要说明动作的发出者,则需加上"by + 主动句的主语(人称代词宾格)"。 | The famous professor gave two lectures in English. →Two lectures were given (by the famous professor) in English. 那位著名的教授用英语作了两次报告。 They often ask some questions after class. →Some questions are often asked (by them) after class. 他们经常在课后问一些问题。 | |
含有双宾语的主动句,即"主语 + 间接宾语+ 直接宾语":当直接宾语是名词或代词时,可将间接宾语和直接宾语中的任意一个变为被动的主语,而另一个保持不动。但是,当直接宾语变为主语时,间接宾语前应加上介词to或or。 | The doctor gave me some good advice on the pronunciation. →I was given some good advice on the pronunciation. 出国留学→Some good advice was given to me on the pronunciation. 老师给我提了一些关于发音方面的好建议。 | |
含有复合宾语的主动句,即"主语 + 宾语 +宾语补足语":把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语,宾补保持不动(成为主语补足语,简称主补)。 | We call him Li Hua. →He is called Li Hua. 我们叫他李华。 They painted the room white. →The room was painted white. 他们把房间刷成了白色。 | |
【易错警示】 感官动词和使役动词后接动词原形作宾补,变为被动语态时,需要在动词原形前加上省略的不定式符号to,即"be en/heard/found/obrved/noticed/made to do sth"。 They saw her enter the meeting room just now. →She was en to enter the meeting room just now. 刚才他们看见她进入了会议室。 | ||
白日梦歌词含有动词短语(作谓语)的主动句:谓语为及物动词短语的主动句方可变为被动语态。 | They take good care of the children. →The children are taken good care of. 他们把这些孩子照顾得非常好。 We should make full u of the good chance. →The good chance should be made full u of. 我们应该充分利用这次好机会。 | |
【易错警示】 动词短语用于被动语态时,把它们看作一个整体变成被动结构,其后的介词和副词不可丢掉。 | ||
情况 | 例句 |
说明主语的性质、特征的动词,用主动形式表达被动意义,如:lock,open,read,ll,teach,wash,write等。 | The cloth washes well. 这种布料很容易洗. A freshly baked cake doesn’ t cut easily. 刚烤好的蛋糕不容易切。 |
表示感官的连系动词,用主动形式表达被动意义,如:smell,feel,taste,sound等。 | This piece of music sounds good. 这段音乐听起来不错。 Mooncakes taste delicious. 月饼尝起来很美味。 |
某些动词后用动名词的主动形式表达被动意义,如:need,want,require,worth等。 | The bike needs repairing. 这辆自行车需要修理。 Your hair wants cutting. 你的头发该理了。 |
【知识拓展】 常见的被动形式表示主动意义的词组: be ated 坐着,就座 be hidden 躲藏 be lost 迷路 be drunk 喝醉 be dresd 穿着 | |
被动语态记忆口诀 2013广东高考英语被动语态强调"宾",用 be加上"过去分"。 "be"要随着主语变,人称时态要弄准。 "行为对象"作主语,逻辑主语"by"来引。 原句若是双宾语,一变"主"来一保"宾"。 "间宾"要把主语变,原来"直宾"还是"宾"。 "直宾"要把主语变,"间宾"前加"to"最称心。 唯有原"宾"是"复合",只有变宾要当心。 原句"宾补"变"主补",位置不必挪寸分。 情态动词变"被动",情态加be加过分。 如若"情态"后带to,变后有to才弄准。 "短语动词"变"被动",相当"及物"莫疑心。 不过其后"介"或"副",变后还得要承认。 |
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