Unit One What is Lexicology?
Lexicology It is a branch of linguistics dealing with the vocabulary of a language and the properties of words as the main units of language.
Word It is the basic unit of speech and minimal free form which has a given sound and meaning and grammatical function.
The relationship between sound and meaning is conventional becau people of the same speech community have agreed to this cluster of sounds for such an animal.
分类 河北省学位英语报名网Words may fall into basic word stock and non-basic by u frequency; content words and functional words by notion, native words or borrowed words by origin.
Basic words stable and indispensable
characteristics
1 All national character:.2 Stability: 3 Productivity. 4 Polymy: 5 collocability .computergame
Non-basic words：Terminology术语 Slang俚语 Jargon行话Argot 隐语 Dialectal words方言 Archaisms古词 Neologisms新词
msm是什么uplink
functional words , like :prep. conj. Auxilaries and articles … They don’t have notion of their own. 英语四级成绩单Content (notional) words constitute the main body of English vocabulary. They are nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and numerals.
Native words: Anglo-Saxon words, small in number, the core of the language, neutral in style, frequent in u.
Borrowed words: are words taken over from other languages
e.g. chaos, dogma, drama, pneumonia ---Greek. hymn, pope, martyr, monk, anthem, shrine, creed –old E Cradle, bald, slogan, flannel, down ---- Celtic Balcony, corridor, attack, cannon, opera---Italy
vocabulary
---all the words in a language together, all items in a dictionary.
5. Exercis:
1) Which of the following is not true? A
a. A word is the smallest form of a language. b. A word is a sound unity.
c. A word has a given meaning. d. A word can be ud freely in a ntence.
2) The differences between sound and form are due to D
a. the fact of more phonemes than letters in English b. stabilization of spelling by printing
c. influence of the work of scribes d.漫游动漫 innovations made by linguists
3) Complete the following ntences:
a. There is no intrinsic relationship between sound and meaning, The connection between them is ___arbitrary__ and conventional.
b. Content words are changing all the time whereas functional words are more ___stable__. Functional words enjoy a higher frequency in u than content words.
Unit Two Word Formation
1.The expansion of vocabulary in modern English depends chiefly on word-formation。The most productive ways of word-formation are affixation, compounding and conversion.
2.Morpheme is the smallest component of a word which contributes to its meaning. Take “read-er”for example. –er is attached to a word read . Read cannot be parated any more. Thus it is called a free morpheme; –er cannot stand alone, thus is called bound morpheme. bound root is a bound form that has to combine with other morphemes to make words.
An allomorph refers to a member of a t of morphs,which reprent one morpheme
Affixation（词缀法）：is generally defined as the formation of words by adding word-for
ming or derivational affixes to stems. ( This process is also known as derivation).
烤鸭英语Prefixation is the formation of new words by adding to prefixes to stems. Prefixes do not generally change the word-class of stem but only modify (change) its meaning.
Suffixation is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to stem. Suffixation have only a small mantic role, their primary function being to change the grammatical function of stems( the word class).
exercis:
1) a minimal meaningful unit of a language ( morpheme )
2) one of the variants that realize a morpheme ( allomorph)同位语素
3) a morpheme that occurs with at least one other morpheme( bound morpheme)粘着语素
4) a morpheme that can stand alone ( free morpheme )
5) a morpheme attached to a stem or root （affix）
6）an affix that indicates grammatical relationships ( inflectional affix )
7) an affix that forms new words with a stem or a root. ( derivational affix )派生词缀
8) what remains of a word after the removal of all affixes ( root ) 词根
Unit Three Basic Formation of Words and Others
Compounding (Composition) The formation of new words by joining two or more stems is called compounds There are different ways to compound English words: (three major ways)
1. Noun compounds: N+n: chairperson, prep+n: byproduct ke A.+ n: deadline, N+v: toothache, N+v+ing: air-conditioning, V+ing +n: walking stick Adv+ vheadline是什么意思>broth: outbreak, V+adv.:sit-in,
