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S. Lee et al.: A Pyroelectric Infrared Sensor-bad Indoor Location-Aware System for the Smart Home
A Pyroelectric Infrared Sensor-bad Indoor Location-Aware System for the Smart Home
mnmSuk Lee, Member, IEEE, Kyoung Nam Ha, Kyung Chang Lee, Member, IEEEvenza
Abstract — 我爱美女网Smart home is expected to offer various intelligent rvices by recognizing residents along with their life style and feelings. One of the key issues for realizing the smart home is how to detect the locations of residents. Currently, the rearch effort is focud on two approaches:terminal-bad and non-terminal-bad methods. The terminal -bad method employs a type of device that should be carried by the resident while the non-terminal-bad method requires no such device. This paper prents a novel non-terminal-bad approach using an array of pyroelectric infrared nsors <PIR nsors> that can detect residents. The feasibility of the system is evaluated experimentally on a test bed
Index Terms — smart home, location-bad rvice, pyroelectric infrared nsor <PIR nsor>, location-recognition algorithm
I. INTRODUCTION
There is a growing interest in smart home as a way to offer a convenient, comfortable, and safe residential environment [1], [2]. In general, the smart home aims to offer appropriate intelligent rvices to actively assist in the resident’s life such as houwork, amument, rest, and sleep. Hence, in order to enhance the resident’s convenience and safety, devices such as home appliances, multimedia appliances, and internet appliances should be connected via a
home network system, as shown in Fig. 1, and they should be controlled or monitored remotely using a television <TV> or personal digital assistant <PDA> [3], [4].
tamoFig. 1. Architecture of the home network system for smart home
Especially, attention has been focud on location-bad rvices as a way to offerhigh-quality intelligent rvices, while considering human factors such as pattern of living, health, and feelings of a resident [5]-[7]. That is, if the smart home can recognize the resi
dent’s pattern of living or health, then home appliances should be able to anticipate the resident’s needs and offer appropriate intelligent rvice more actively. For example, in a passive rvice environment, the resident controls the operation of the HVAC <heating, ventilating, and air conditioning> system, while the smart home would control the temperature and humidity of a room according to the resident’s condition. Various indoor location-aware systems have been developed to recognize the resident’s location in the smart home or smart office. In general, indoor location-aware systems have been classified into three types according to the measurement technology: triangulation, scene analysis, and proximity methods [8]. The triangulation method us multiple distances from multiple known points. Examples include Active Badges [9], Active Bats [10], and Easy Living [11], which u infrared nsors, ultrasonic nsors, and vision nsors, respectively. The scene analysis method examines a view from a particular vantage point. Reprentative examples of the scene analysis method are MotionStar [12], which us a DC magnetic tracker, and RADAR [13], which us IEEE 802.11 wireless local area network <LAN>. Finally, the proximity method measures nearness to a known t of
points. An example of the proximity method is Smart Floor [14], which us pressure nsors.
Alternatively, indoor location-aware systems can be classified according to the need for a terminal that should be carried by the resident. Terminal-bad methods, such as Active Bats, do not recognize the resident’s location directly, but perceive the location of a device carried by the resident, such as an infrared transceiver or radio frequency identification <RFID> tag. Therefore, it is impossible to recognize the resident’s location if he or she is not carrying the device. In contrast, non-terminal methods such as Easy Living and Smart Floor can find the resident’s location without such devices. However, Easy Living can be regarded to invade the resident’s privacy while the Smart Floor has difficulty with extendibility and maintenance.
This paper prents a non-terminal bad location-aware system that us an array of pyroelectric infrared <PIR> nsors [15], [16]. The PIR nsors on the ceiling detect the prence of a resident and are laid out so that detection areas of adjacent nsors overla
p. By combining the outputs of multiple PIR nsors, the system is able to locate a resident with a reasonable degree of accuracy. This system has inherent advantage of non-terminal bad methods while
avoiding privacy and extendibility, maintenance issues. In order to demonstrate its efficacy, an experimental test bed has been constructed, and the propod system has been evaluated experimentally under various experimental conditions. This paper is organized into four ctions, including this introduction. Section II prents the architecture of the PIR nsor-bad indoor location-aware system <PILAS>, and the location-recognition algorithm. Section III describes a resident-detection method using PIR nsors, and evaluates the performance of the system under various conditions using an experimental test bed. Finally, a summary and thedeafen
conclusions are prented in Section IV.
II. ARCHITECTURE OF THE PIR SENSOR-BASED INDOOR
LOCATION-AWARE SYSTEM
ambitiousA. Framework of the smart home
人文地理与城乡规划专业>rising是什么意思Given the indoor environment of the smart home, an indoor location-aware system must satisfy the following requirements. First, the location-aware system should be implemented at a
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