1.holisterinertial period （惯性周期 P135）：
It is one half the time required for the rotation of a local plane on Earth's surface
2.geostrophic balance （地转平衡 P151）:
科学探秘
Within the ocean5 s interior away from the top and bottom Ekman layers, for horizontal distances exceeding a few tens of kilometers, and for times exceeding a few days, horizontal pressure gradients in the ocean almost exactly balance the Coriolis force resulting from horizontal currents. This balance is known as the geostrophic balance.
3.either orpressure gradient （压力梯度）：
In atmospheric sciences （meteorology, climatology and related fields）, the pressure gradient （typically of air, more generally of any fluid） is a physical quantity that describes which direction and at what rate the pressure changes the most rapidly around a particular location. The pressure gradient is a dimensional quantity expresd in units of pressure per unit length. The SI unit is pascal per metre （Pa/m）.
4.不定式作表语mixed layer （混合层 P81）:
Wind blowing on the ocean stirs the upper layers leading to a thin mixed layer at the a surface having constant temperature and salinity from the surface down to a depth where the values differ from tho at the surface. The magnitude of the difference is arbitrary, but typically the temperature at the bottom of the layer must be no more than 0.02-0.1° colder than at the surface./ The oceanic or limnological mixed layer is a layer in which active turbulence has homogenized some range of depth
5.Physical Oceanography（物理海洋学 P8）:
Physical Oceanography is the study of physical properties and dynamics of the ocean. The primary interests are the interaction of the ocean with the atmosphere, the oceanic heat budget, water mass formation, currents, and coastal dynamics. Physical Oceanography is considered by many to be a subdiscipline of geophysics.
6.The Ekman numbeT（埃克曼数 P139） is a dimensionless number ud in describing
geophysical phenomena in the oceans and atmosphere. It characteris the ratio of viscous forces in a fluid to the fictitious forces arising from planetary rotation. It is named after the Swedish oceanographer Vagn Walfrid Ekman.
7.thermocline （温跃层 P82）：
Below the mixed layer, water temperature decreas rapidly with depth except at high latitudes. The range of depths where the rate of change, the gradient of temperature, is large is called the
8.best wishes中文翻译double diffusion （双扩散 P130-131）：
Here's what happens. Heat diffus across the interface faster than salt, leading to a thin, cold, salty layer between the two initial layers. The cold salty layer is more den than the cold, less-salty layer below, and the water in the layer sinks. Becau the layer is thin, the fluid sinks in fingers l-5cm in diameter and 10s of centimeters long, not much different in size and shape from our fingers. This is salt fingering. Becau two constituents diffu across the interface, the process is called double diffusion.pl31
9.road toursalinity（盐度）:（P73-75）
At the simplest level, salinity is the total amount of dissolved material ingrams in one kilogram of a water. Thus salinity is a dimensionless quantity. It has no units.
10.Reynolds number （雷诺数 P116）:
In fluid mechanics, the Reynolds number （Re） is a dimensionless number that gives a measure of the ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces and conquently quantifies the relative importance of the two types of forces for given flow conditions.
11.Coriolis Force （科氏力 P133-134）
Is the dominant pudo-force influencing motion in a coor-dinate system fixed to the earth.
12.Potential Temperature（位温 P85）
Potential temperature 0 is defined as the temperature of a parcel of water at the a surfa
ce after it has been raid adiabatically from some depth in the ocean.
variation
13.青藏高原对气候的意义及附近海洋的影响（P42-43）
emba和mba区别Maps of surface winds change somewhat with the asons. The largest changes are in the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean.Both regions are strongly influenced by the Asian monsoon. In winter, the cold air mass over Siberia creates a region of high pressure at the surface, and cold air blows southeastward across Japan and on across the hot Kuroshio, extracting heat from the ocean. In summer, the thermal low over Tibet draws warm, moist air from the Indian Ocean leading to the rainy ason over India.
14.科氏力推导
泄宪绿佩向力媛?
绝对速度V.和加速度（花/次），
附录地转偏向力推导
牛顿第二定律
——+ 2QxP + QxQx^ =
dt
.I ^=-2QxF-QxQxJR + （^F）/w
horpower
其中，-20xU 称为地转偏向力
-QxQxA 为离心力，与地心引力合成有效重力。
为单位质量流体微团所受的合外力，包括重力' 压强梯度力、摩擦力等。
15.压强梯度力推导: 压强梯度力并不是真正意义上的力，它实际是由于气压不同而产生的 空气加速度（即单位质量所受的力）。它是产生从高气压向低气压的空气加速度的原因，产生风。常指 空气的水平运动。
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