第二部分 名词解释
1. English lexicology
English Lexicology is a branch of linguistics concerned with the vocabulary of the English language in respect to words and word equivalents.
torch是什么意思2. word
you light up my life
A word may be defined as a fundamental unit of speech and a minimum free form; with a unity of sound and meaning （both lexical and grammatical meaning）， capable of performing a given syntactic function.
3.vocabulary
All the words in a language together constitute what is known as its vocabulary.
4.native words
Words of Anglo—Saxon origin or of Old English are called native words。
5.loan words
Words borrowed from other languages are called loan words. They are also called foreign words and borrowed words.
6.common words
客户经理英文Common words are also called popular words. They are words connected with the ordinary things or activities necessary to everyday life。 Common words are neutral in style。
7.literary words
Literary words are words chiefly ud in writing, especially in books written in a more elevated style, in official documents, or in formal speeches. Literary words are formal in style。
8.a英文学校rchaic words
Archaic words are words no longer in common u， although retained for special purpo.
9.poetical words
Poetical words are words that are traditionally ud only in poetry。
10.colloquial words
Colloquial words are words or expressions mainly ud in spoken English and informal writings.
11.agitateslang words
Slang words are language, words or phras of a vigorous, colorful, facetious, or taboo nature, invented for specific occasions, or us， or derived from the unconventional u of the standard vocabulary。
12.自考和成考区别technical words
Technical words are words ud in various special fields。
13.function words
Function words are usually short words such as determiners, conjunctions, prepositions, auxiliaries and so forth, which rve grammatically than anything el.
14.content words
Content words are words which are ud to name objects, qualities， actions， process or states, and have independent lexical meaning。
15.basic word stock
The basic word stock is the foundation of the vocabulary accumulated over centuries and forms the common core of the language。 The words have four obvious characteristics: national character, stability， word-forming ability and ability to form collo
cations。 They are words which are most frequently ud and which are esntial to the construction of ntences and to life。
16.crumbleneologism
festivalsNeologisms are new words or new meanings for established words。
17.obsolete words
Obsolete words are words completely out of current u.
18.morpheme
The morpheme is the smallest meaningful linguistic unit of language， not divisible or analyzable into smaller forms.
19.allomorph
An allomorph is any of the variant forms of a morpheme as conditioned by position or adj
oining sounds.
20.free morpheme
A free morpheme is one which can be uttered alone with meaning。 It can exist on its own without a bound morpheme。 A free morpheme is a word， in the traditional n.
21.bound morpheme
A bound morpheme is one which cannot stand by itlf as a complete utterance； it must appear with at least one other morpheme, free or bound。
22.root
A root is the basic unchangeable part of a word， and it conveys the main lexical meaning of the word.
23.free root
Free roots are free morphemes。 They belong to the basic word-stock and provide the English language with a basis for the formation of new words。sweater
24.bound root
Bound root is that part of the word that carries the fundamental meaning just like a free root. Unlike a free root, it is a bound form and has to combine with other morphemes to make words. They were once words， yet in Modern English they are not words. They cannot exit on their own。 Nor can they be ud to form new words。
25.affix
Affix is a “collective term for the type of formative that can be ud only when added to another morpheme。” They are considered bound morphemes。
congratulation是什么意思26.inflectional affix
Affixes attached to the end of words to indicate such grammatical relationships as plurality, ten， and the comparative or superlative degree are inflectional affixes。
27.derivational affix
Derivational affixes are affixes added to other morphemes to create new words.
28.prefix
In derivation, the affix added before the ba is called prefix。
29.suffix
In derivation， the affix added after the ba is called suffix。
30.hybrid
A hybrid is a word made up of elements from two or more different languages。
31.simple word
A simple word is a word consisting of one free root (or one morpheme）。
32.word—formation rules
Word—formation rules are the rules which define the scope and methods whereby speakers of a language may create new words.
