单片机控制步进电机
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外文原文
Stepping motor application and control stepper motor is an electrical pul will be converted into angular displacement of the implementing agencies. Put it in simple language-speaking: When the stepper drive pul signal to a receiver, it drives stepper motor rotation direction by tting a fixed point of view <and the step angle>. You can control the number of puls to control the amount of angular displacement, so as to achieve the purpo of accurate positioning; At the same time, you can by controlling the pul frequency to control the motor rotation speed and acceleration, so as to achieve the purpo of speed.
Stepper motor directly from the AC-DC power supply, and must u special equipment - stepper motor drive. Stepper motor drive system performance, in addition to their own performance with the motor on the outside, but also to a large extent depend on the drive is good or bad. A typical stepper motor drive system is operated by the stepper motor controller, stepper motor drives and stepper motor body is compod of three parts. Stepper motor controller stepper pul and direction signal, each made of a pul, stepper motor-driven stepper motor drives a rotor rotating step angle, that is, step-by-step furthe
r. High or low speed stepper motor, or speed, or deceleration, start or stop puls are entirely dependent on whether the level or frequency. Decide the direction of the signal controller stepper motor clockwi or counterclockwi rotation. Typically, the stepper motor drive circuit from the logic control, power driver circuit, protection circuit and power components. Stepper motor drive controller, once received from the direction of the signal and step pul, the control circuit on a pre-determined way of the electrical power-pha stepper motor excitation windings of the conduction or cut-off signal. Control circuit output signal power is low, can not provide the necessary stepping motor output power, the need for power amplifier, which is stepper motor driven power drive part. Power stepper motor drive circuit to control the input current winding to form a space for rotating magnetic field excitation, the rotor-driven movement. Protection circuit in the event of short
enginecircuit, overload, overheating, such as failure to stop the rapid drive and motor.
Motor is usually for the permanent magnet rotor, when the current flows through the stator windings, the stator windings produce a magnetic field vector. The magnetic field will lead to a rotor angle of rotation, making a pair of rotor and stator magnetic field direction of the magnetic field direction. When the stator rotating magnetic field vector from a different angle. Also as the rotor magnetic field to a point of view. An electrical pul for each input, the motor rotation angle step. Its output and inpu
t of the angular displacement is proportional to the puls, with pul frequency proportional to speed. Power to change the order of winding, the electrical will be reverd. We can, therefore, control the pul number, frequency and electrical power windings of each pha to control the order of rotation of stepper motor.
Stepper motor types:
megiPermanent magnet <PM>. Magnetic generally two-pha stepper, torque and are smaller and generally stepping angle of 7.5 degrees or 15 degrees; put more wind for air-conditioning.
Reactive <VR>, the domestic general called BF, have a common three-pha reaction, step angle of 1.5 degrees; also have five-pha reaction. Noi, no torque has been t at a large number of out.
Hybrid <HB>, common two-pha hybrid, five-pha hybrid, three-pha hybrid, four-pha hybrid, two-pha can be common with the four-pha drive, five-pha three-pha must be ud with their drives;
Two-pha, four-pha hybrid step angle is 1.8 degrees more than a small size, great distance, and low noi;
Five-pha hybrid stepping motor is generally 0.72, the motor step angle small, high resolution, but the complexity of drive circuits, wiring problems, such as the 5-pha system of 10 lines.
Three-pha hybrid stepping motor step angle of 1.2 degrees, but according to the u of 1.8 degrees, the three-pha hybrid stepping motor has a two-pha mixed than the five-pha hybrid more pole will help electric folder symmetric angle, it can be more than two-pha, five-pha high accuracy, the error even smaller, run more
how r u
smoothly.
Stepper motor to maintain torque: stepper motor power means no rotation, the stator locked rotor torque. It is a stepper motor, one of the most important parameters, usually in the low-speed stepper motor torque at the time of clo to maintain the torque. As the stepper motor output torque increas with the speed of constant attenuation, the output power also increas with the speed of change, so as to maintain torque on the stepper motor to measure the parameters of one of the most important. For example, when people say that the stepper motor 2N.m, in the abnce of special circumstances that means for maintaining the torque of the stepper
Precision stepper motors: stepper motor step angle accuracy of 3-5%, not cumulative.
Stepper motor to allow the minimum amount of surface temperature：Stepper motor caus the motor temperature is too high the first magnetic demagnetization, resulting in loss of torque down even further, so the motor surface temperature should be the maximum allowed depending on the motor demagnetization of magnetic material points; Generally speaking, the magnetic demagnetization points are above 130 degrees Celsius, and some even as high as 200 degrees Celsius, so the stepper motor surface temperature of 80-90 degrees Celsius is normal.
Start frequency of no-load: the stepper motor in ca of no-load to the normal start of the pul frequency, if the pul frequency is higher than the value of motor does not start, possible to lo steps or blocking. In the ca of the load, start frequency should be lower. If you want to achieve high-speed rotation motor, pul frequency should be to accelerate the process, that is, the lower frequency to start, and then ro to a certain acceleration of the desired frequency <motor speed from low ri to high-speed>.
Step angle: that is to nd a pul, the electrical angle corresponding to rotation.
Torque positioning: positioning torque stepper motor does not refer to the ca of electricity, locked rotor torque stator.
Operating frequency: step-by-step stepper motor can run without losing the
highest frequency.
Subdivision Drive: stepper motor drives the main aim is to weaken or eliminate low-frequency vibration of the stepper motor to improve the accuracy of the motor running. Reduce noi. If the step angle is 1.8 °<full step> the two-pha hybrid stepping motor, if the breakdown of the breakdown of the number of drives for the 8, then the operation of the electrical pul for each resolution of 0.072 °, the precision of motor can reach or clo to 0.225 °, also depends on the breakdown of the breakdown of the drive current control accuracy and other factors, the breakdown of the number of the more difficult the greater the precision of control.2012考研英语一
How to determine the stepper motor driver DC power supply：A. Determination of the voltage:Hybrid stepping motor driver power supply voltage is generally a wide range <such as the IM483 supply voltage of 12 ~ 48VDC>, the supply voltage is usually bad on the work of the motor speed and respon to the request to choo. If the motor operating speed higher or faster respon to the request, then the voltage value is high, but note that the ripple voltage can not exceed the maximum input voltage of the drive, or it may damage the drive.
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B. Determination of Current
Power supply current is generally bad on the output pha current drive I to determine. If a linear power supply, power supply current is generally preferable 1.1 to 1.3 times the I; if we adopt the switching power supply, power supply current is generally preferable to I, 1.5 to 2.0 times.
The main characteristics of stepping motor： 1. A stepper motor drive can be added operate pul drive signal must be no pul when the stepper motor at rest, such asIf adding the appropriate pul signal, it will to a certain angle <called the step angle> rotation. Rotation speed and pul frequency is proportional to.
2. permanent magnet step angle stepper motor version is 7.5 degrees, 360 degrees around, takes 48 puls to complete.
3.stepper motor has instant start and rapid cessation of superior characteristics. Change the order of the pul
2020年12月四级真题4．you can easily change the direction of rotation.
Therefore, the current printers, plotters, robotics, and so devices are the core of the stepper motor a
s the driving force.
Stepper motors have the following benefits: 〔1Low cost 〔2Ruggedness 〔3Simplicity in construction 〔4High reliability 〔5No maintenance 〔6Wide acceptance〔7No tweaking to stabilize 〔8No feedback components are needed They work in just about any environment Inherently more failsafe than rvo motors. There isvirtually no conceivable failure within the stepper drive module that could cau the motor to run away. Stepper motors are simple to drive and control in an open-loop configuration. They only require four leads. They provide excellent torque at low speeds, up to 5 times the continuous torque of a brush motor of the same frame size or double the torque of the equivalent brushless motor. This often eliminates the need for a gearbox. A stepper-driven-system is inherently stiff, with known limits to the dynamic position error.
StepperMotor Disadvantages：
Stepper motors have the following disadvantages:
1. Resonance effects and relatively long ttling times .
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rpm是什么单位2.Rough performance at low speed unless a microstep drive is ud .
3.Liability to undetected position loss as a result of operating open-loop .
4. They consume current regardless of load conditions and therefore tend to run hot
5. Loss at speed are relatively high and can cau excessive heating, and they are frequently noisy <especially at high speeds>.
6.They can exhibit lag-lead oscillation, which is difficult to damp.
rubber的复数There is a limit to their available size, and positioning accuracy relies on the mechanics &, ballscrew accuracy>.Many of the drawbacks can be overcome by the u of a clod-loop control scheme.
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步进电机应用和控制
