多国语言翻译ROAD CONSTRUCTION MANUAL
A. CONSTRUCTION SURVEY PROCEDURES成都软件培训机构
A.1 General. The center line of the traveled portion of the road shall be located in the center of the right-of-way, and shall be located in the field by an authorized (licend) land surveyor.
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新语文课程标准A.2 Stations. Stations shall be established along the road center line every fifteen (15) meters and at all radius points (P.C.'s and P.T.'s). The beginning of this line shall be designated as Station 10+0 and shall start at the existing street right-of-way line. A construction stake shall be placed at each center line station. This stake will show the station on the side facing toward Station 10+0 and the cut or fill which will establish the center line grade on the opposite side of the stake. A grade list showing the stations, stake elevations, cuts and fills shall be prented to the Employer’s Reprentative by the applicant before construction begins.
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A.3 Bench Marks. A permanent Bench Mark shall be established at the beginning and end of each length of the road. The bench marks shall be referenced to the same datum shown and identified on the construction drawings for the road. The Bench Mark elevation and a description of each Bench Mark shall be furnished to the Employer’s Reprentative.
B. CLEARING AND GRUBBING
B.1 Clearing. All trees, perishable matter, boulders, structures, fences and debris of whatever nature shall be cleared from the full width of the roadway ction, including areas to be disturbed by cuts or fills, except that valuable shade trees may remain in the shoulder areas as provided in Section B.3. At interctions and on curves, additional clearing may be necessary to provide adequate visibility. This work shall all be as approved by the Employer’s Reprentative.
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barrowB.2 Grubbing. All roots and stumps within the limits of the road ction shall be grubbed and excavated, except that no grubbing will be required where the finished roadway surfa名声大噪第二季
ce will be one point five (1.5) meter or more above the original ground surface and the foundation soil is satisfactory. Where trees are cleared and grubbing is not required, the trunks shall be cut off flush to the ground, if possible, and in no event more than eighteen (18) centimeter above the ground.
B.3 Trees. Valuable shade trees may be permitted to remain in shoulder areas but not within one point five (1.5) meters of any curb line, if no substantial increa in the risk of injury or damage results by reason of its prence in the particular place where it stands and if no conflicts with utilities will occur. Any such tree shall be effectively protected and prerved so as to insure that it will suffer no damage during construction operations. All tree branches overhanging the roadway pavement or shoulder areas shall be trimmed to a clearance of three point six (3.6) meters above the finished grade of the road.
B.4 Topsoil. Topsoil shall be stripped from all surfaces of the roadway ction which will be disturbed by cut or fill operations. Topsoil so stripped shall be stockpiled on the site of the work and shall be rerved for roadway landscaping. Erosion control measures will be installed around the perimeter of all stockpiles.
C. ROADWAY EXCAVATION, FORMATION OF EMBANKMENT, AND DISPOSAL OF SURPLUS AND UNSUITABLE MATERIALS
C.1 General. The excavation, filling or compacting and disposal of all material required to construct the roadbed, subgrade, shoulders, slopes and other associated improvements shall be accomplished in accordance with all applicable requirements of the most current edition of the National Standard Specifications for "Roadway Excavation, Formation of Embankment and Disposal of Surplus Material" except as modified herein.
C.2 Unsuitable Material. All unsuitable material, including material removed during clearing and grubbing and preparation of subgrade, shall be removed from within the limits of the right-of-way and dispod of lawfully at a safe location approved by the Employer’s Reprentative.
C.3 Surplus Material. Surplus material may be ud to flatten fill slopes within the limits of the right-of-way and any slope eaments. Surplus suitable materials that cannot be so utilized shall be dispod of lawfully in a manner approved by the Employer’s Repre
ntative.
admit是什么意思C.4 Blasting. Blasting shall be performed only by licend competent personnel and shall be done in accordance with all applicable laws, ordinances, rules and regulations pertaining thereto. Local Government Authority may, at their discretion, require blast surveys and photographs.
