英语阅读｜
gee什么意思
声明：“英语阅读”栏⽬所有⽂章仅供学习之⽤，⽂章内容不代表本公众号观点。
The son of a Baptist preacher who had emigrated from northern Ireland, Chester A. Arthur was America’s 21st President (1881-85), succeeding President James Garfield upon his assassination.
chaosDignified, tall, and handsome, with clean-shaven chin and side-whiskers, Chester A. Arthur “looked like a President.”
The son of a Baptist preacher who had emigrated from northern Ireland, Arthur was born in Fairfield, Vermont, in 1829. He was graduated from Union College in 1848, taught school, was admitted to the bar, and practiced law in New York City. Early in the Civil War he rved as Quartermaster General of the State of New York.
President Grant in 1871 appointed him Collector of the Port of New York. Arthur effectively marshalled the thousand Customs Hou employees under his supervision on behalf of Roscoe Conkling’s Stalwart Republican machine. Honorable in his personal life and his public career, Arthur nevertheless was a firm believer in the spoils system when it was coming under vehement attack from reformers. He 日本留学动漫
insisted upon honest administration of the Customs Hou, but staffed it with more employees than it needed, retaining them for their merit as party workers rather than as Government officials.女强人英语
In 1878 President Hayes, attempting to reform the Customs Hou, ousted Arthur. Conkling and his followers tried to win redress by fighting for the renomination of Grant at the 1880 Republican Convention. Failing, they reluctantly accepted the nomination of Arthur for the Vice Presidency.try的用法
During his brief tenure as Vice President, Arthur stood firmly beside Conkling in his patronage struggle against President Garfield. But when Arthur succeeded to the Presidency, he was eager to prove himlf above machine politics.
alian>someday六级报名入口Avoiding old political friends, he became a man of fashion in his garb and associates, and often was en with the elite of Washington, New York, and Newport. To the indignation of the Stalwart Republicans, the onetime Collector of the Port of New York became, as President, a champion of civil rvice reform. Public pressure, heightened by the assassination of Garfield, forced an unwieldy Congress to heed the President.si loin de vous
In 1883 Congress pasd the Pendleton Act, which established a bipartisan Civil Service Commission, forbade levying political asssments against officeholders, and provided for a “classifi
ed system” that made certain Government positions obtainable only through competitive written examinations. The system protected employees against removal for political reasons.
Acting independently of party dogma, Arthur also tried to lower tariff rates so the Government would not be embarrasd by annual surplus of revenue. Congress raid about as many rates as it trimmed, but Arthur signed the Tariff Act of 1883. Aggrieved Westerners and Southerners looked to the Democratic Party for redress, and the tariff began to emerge as a major political issue between the two parties.
幻觉病The Arthur Administration enacted the first general Federal immigration law. Arthur approved a measure in 1882 excluding paupers, criminals, and lunatics. Congress suspended Chine immigration for ten years, later making the restriction permanent.
Arthur demonstrated as President that he was above factions within the Republican Party, if indeed not above the party itlf. Perhaps in part his reason was the well-kept cret he had known since a year after he succeeded to the Presidency, that he was suffering from a fatal kidney dia. He kept himlf in the running for the Presidential nomination in 1884 in order not to appear that he feared defeat, but was not renominated, and died in 1886. Publisher Alexander K. McClure recalled,
“No man ever entered the Presidency so profoundly and widely distrusted, and no one ever retired … more generally respected.”
