1．Paris is the capital and largest city of France，situated on the River Seine.巴黎是法国的首都，
也是法国最大的城市，坐落在塞纳河畔。
situated on the River Seine是过去分词作定语，修饰Paris。本句中on the River Seine的意思
为“在塞纳河河边”。
2. The most popular place for tourists is the Eiffel Tower, the famous symbol of Paris.最受游
客欢迎的旅游景点是埃菲尔铁塔，它是巴黎着名的象征。
3．The city is also famous for its restaurants，cafes and theatres.这个城市也以餐馆、咖啡馆和
剧院而闻名。
be famous for以…-．而闻名，相当于be well known for_
4．Gaudi worked on the project from 1882 until his death in 1926.高迪从1882年起从事这项工
程直至1926年逝世。
work on sth.从事某事，相当于spend time／energ、
5. During the Renaissance, some of the greatest painters of al~ time Iived and worked in Florence.
茌文艺复兴时期，历史上一些最伟大的画家在佛罗伦萨生活和工作。
擎天柱英文
of all time有史以来
6．Athens，the capital of Greece，is known as the birthplace of western civilisation.雅典是希腊
的首都，作为西方文明的发祥地而闻名于世。
be known as作为…一而闻名，比较：be known for以…．．而闻名。如：
1）suzhou is know for its garders with ancient architecture苏州以具有古典建筑的园林而闻名。
2)suzhou is know as a city with along history。苏州因历史悠久而闻名
7．Their work has influenced other writers ever since.他们的作品影响了后世的作家。
ever slnce自从那时起新概念美音版
1. The index measures a country's achievement in three ways: life expectancy( how long people
usually live), education and income.这项指标从三个方面衡量一个国家的成就：寿命、教
育和收入。
index指数；指标；in…way在…一方面
2．The index has some surpris．这项指标显示了一些令人感到意外的情况。
句子中的surpri为可数名词，意思为sth．／sb．that is surprising令人惊讶的事或人，如：
comeing is a pleasant surpri 你的光临是个惊喜
3．Norway is at the top of the list，while the US is at number 7挪威高居榜首，而美国则排
英国 公投 在第七。
句子中的while引导一个从句，表示对照。如：
the UK is in the thirteenth position,China is in the middle of list.英国排名第十三，而中国则处于中等得为。
geodesic4. The bottom ten countries are aIIAfrican countries, with Sierra Leone (in West Africa) at the
bottom of the list.处于末端的十个国家均是非洲国家，塞拉利昂（西非）排在最后。
interest可数吗
with引导的短语可表示附加说明。如：
the square looks splendid with all the lighes on.所有的灯都开了，广场看上去很是壮丽。
crayon
5. For example, in nine years (1953 - 1962), China incread life expectancy by 13 years.
譬如，在九年（1953 -1962）的时间里，中国的人均寿命就增加了13岁。
by引导的短语可以表示谓语动词增加或减少的数量。如：
He is taller than me by 5cm.他比我高5厘米。
report shows that we are making some progress but that we need to make greater efforts,
报告显示：我们正在进步，但是我们必须作出更大的努力。
mak：e progress取得进步；make efforts作努力
7. Although developed countries give some financial help ，they need to give much more。
虽然发达国家提供了一些经济援助，但是提供援助的数量应该大大增加。
greeting是什么意思
developed countries发达国家（developing countries发展中国家）
lcds 1．A tornadois a rotating column of air from a thunderstorm to the ground．龙卷风蹇指一个从
空中的雷暴延伸到地面面生成的旋转气柱。
column of air白空气组成的柱状物
can pick up cars, trains and even hous and put them down娃the next street-or
even iHthe next town.龙卷风能卷起汽车、火车，甚至房子。把他们卷到旁边的街道—．甚
至能卷到邻近的城镇。
pick up sth．把某物拿起来
3．They can destroy hous, but Ieave the furniture inside exac{tly where it was.它们能毁掉房子，
却把房内的家具留在原处。 …
4. On average, there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year,{『causing about 80 deaths and l,500
injuries.平均来说，美国每年发生800淡葱卷风，造成大约80人死亡、1,500人受伤。
5. By the time it{:ended, more than 700 people had been kilied and 2,700 had been injured．等到
风停时，已有700多人死1-, 2,700多人受伤
by the time到了…一的时候，引导时间状语从句，相当于when。如：By the time he was twelve years old ,he had t up a chemistry lab of his own.他12岁时，已经建立了
自己的化学实验窒。
中国历任第一夫人6. The cemetery where Coghlan was buried was destroyed by the hurricane and Coghlan's coffin
ended up ill the a.掩埋科格伦的公墓被飓风所摧毁，他的棺材最后被卷入了大海。
end up结束，告终，如：
They had nowhere to stay and ended up sleeping in the railway station.他们无处可呆，最终睡在了火车站。
7. The Gulf Stream had carried it 3,000 kilometres up the eastern US coast to Prince Edward
Island.墨西哥湾流沿着美国东海岸把它（棺材）一直带到爱德华王子岛，行程公里。
up a place沿着某个地方，常常是由南向北，由下游至上游。假如方向相反，则用down。
1．There was nothing to be done.什么也干不了。（即：一点办法也没有。）
比较：
There was nothing to do.没事可做。
2．It was the most frightening and the most dangerous situation I've ever been in.那是我遭遇
过的最可怕、最危险的境况。
I've ever been in为定语从句，修饰situation。
3. Sandstorms in China appear to have incread in recent years as a result of“dertification".
因“荒漠化”越发严重，中国近年来发生沙尘暴的次数明显增加了。
as a result of由…一产生的结果，相当于becau of，如：
He could not work as a result of illness.他因病不能工作。
4. Citizens wake up to an orange sky and strong winds that cover the city in a thick, brown-
yellow dust.居民醒来时，看到昏黄的天空，狂风夹着黄沙在城里肆虐。
5. The storms sometimes continue all day and traffic moves very slowly becau the thick dustheyne
