语⾔学chapter4习题
Chapter 4 Syntax
Multiple Choice
1. The ntence structure is ________.
A. only linear
B. only hierarchical
C. complex
D. both linear and hierarchical
2. A __________ in the embedded clau refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clau.
A. coordinator
B. particle
C. preposition
D. subordinator
3. Phra structure rules have ____ properties.
A. recursive
B. grammatical
C. social
D. functional
4. The head of the phra “the city Rome” is __________.
A. the city
B. Rome
C. city
D. the city Rome
5. The phra “on the shelf” belongs to __________ construction.
A. endocentric
B. exocentric
C. subordinate
D. coordinate
6. The ntence “They were wanted to remain quiet and not to expo themlves.” is a __________ ntence.
A. simple
B. coordinate
C. compoundmoby
D. complex
7. In the ntence “Mary gave a book to him”, “him” is with a(n) _________ ca.
A. accusative
D. nominative
8. The relation between any two words in “What a nice day!” is known as ___________.
A. choice relation
B. paradigmatic relation
C. vertical relation
D. syntagmatic relation
9. __________is mostly a category of the noun and pronoun.
A. Gender
pit bullB. Ten
breathless是什么意思
一分钟演讲稿
C. Aspect
D. Number
10. Paradigmatic relation is known as _______________.
A. horizontal relation
B. chain relation
C. choice relation
D. mantic relation龙的英文
11. Which of the following phras is exocentric?
A. a clever girl
B. an ugly man
C. in time
D. fork and knife
12. refers to the relations holding between elements replaceable with each at particular place in structure, or between one element prent and the others abnt.
A. Syntagmatic relation
B. Paradigmatic relation
C. Co-occurrence relation
D. Exocentric relation
13. ______ is a grammatical category ud for the analysis of word class displaying such contrasts as masculine: feminine: neuter, animate: inanimate, etc.
A. Ca
B. Gender
C. Number
D. Category
休假英文14. Syntactically, English is an example of ________ language.
C. SOV
hekey
D. OSV去留学加拿大
15. What is the construction of the ntence “The boy smiled”?
A. Exocentric
dima bilan
B. Endocentric
C. Coordinate
D. Subordinate
16. the relation between elements that form part of the same form, quence, construction, etc. e.g between s, p and r in a form such as spring, or between a subject and a verb in constructions such Bill hunts is called .
A. syntagmatic relation
B. paradigmatic relation
C. positional relation
D. relation of substitutability
Fill in each blank below with one word which begins with the letter given:
1. A __________ ntence consists of a single clau which contains a subject and a predicate and stands alone as its own ntence.
2. A __________ is a structurally independent unit that usually compris a number of words to form a complete statement, question or command.
3. A __________ may be a noun or a noun phra in a ntence that usually precedes the predicate.
4. The part of a ntence which compris a finite verb or a verb phra and which says something about the subject is grammatically called __________.
5. In the complex ntence, the incorporated or subordinate clau is normally called an __________ clau.
6. construction usually includes basic ntence, prepositional phra, predicate (verb + object) construction, and connective (be complement) construction.
7. IC is the short form of immediate ud in the study of syntax.
8. A ntence contains two claus joined by a linking word, such as "and", "but", "or".
Put a T for true or F for fal in the brackets in front of each statement.
1. In a complex ntence, the two claus hold unequal status, one subordinating the other.
2. Constituents that can be substituted for one another without loss of grammaticality belong to the same syntactic category.
3. In English syntactic analysis, four phrasal categories are commonly recognized and discusd, namely, noun phra, verb phra, infinitive phra, and auxiliary phra.服装设计专业课程
4. In English the subject usually precedes the verb and the direct object usually follows the verb.
5. A noun phra must contain a noun, but other elements are optional.
6. Syntax is a subfield of linguistics that studies the ntence structure of language, including the combination of morphemes into words.
7. In the phra “in the near future”, the word “future” is head.
8. Words like “actor”and “actress” manifest that grammatical gender strictly corresponds to biological gender.
9. Paradigmatic relation in syntax is alternatively called horizontal relation.
10.“The student” in the ntence “The student liked the linguistic lecture.”, and “The linguistic lecture” in the ntence “The linguistic lecture liked the student.” belong to the same syntactic category.
Define the following terms
1. Syntax
2. IC analysis
Answer the following questions.
1.What are endocentric construction and exocentric construction? （武汉⼤学，2004）
2.Distinguish the two possible meanings of “more beautiful flowers” by means of IC analysis. （北京第⼆外国
语⼤学，2004）
3. Suggest a tree diagram of the ntence The little girl ran into the garden. The student wrote a letter yesterday. Examine each of the following ntences and indicate if it is a simple, coordinate, complex or compound complex ntences:
（1）Jane did it becau she was asked to.（2）The soldiers were warned to remain hidden and not to expo themlves.（3）David was never there, but his brother was. （4）She leads a tranquil life in the country. （5）Unless I hear from her, I won’t leave this town..
Draw on your linguistic knowledge of English and paraphra each of the following ntences in two different ways to show how syntactic rules account for the ambiguity of ntences:
（1）After a two-day debate, they finally decided on the helicopter.
（2）The little girl saw the big man with the telescope.
(3) The shooting of the hunters might be terrible.
(4) He saw young men and women prent.
