新概念第四册Lesson37~39课文翻译及学习笔记
地址翻译新概念第四册Lesson37课文翻译及学习笔记
【课文】
First listen and then answer the following question.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
What is the most important factor, both in government or business, for keeping running costs low?
If a nation is esntially disunited, it is left to the government to hold it together. This increas the expen of government, and reduces correspondingly the amount of economic resources that could be ud for developing the country. And it should not be forgotten how small tho resources are in a poor and backward country. Where the cost of government is high, resources for development are correspondingly low.
This may be illustrated by comparing the position of a nation with that of a private business enterpri. An enterpri has to incur certain costs and expens in order to stay in business. For our purpos, we are concerned only with one kind of cost -- the cost of managing and administering the business. Such administrative overheads in a business are analogous to the cost of government in a nation. The administrative overheads of a business are low to the extent that everyone working in the business can be trusted to behave in a way that best promotes the interests of the firm. If they can each be trusted to take such responsibilities. and to exerci such initiative as falls within their sphere, then administrative overheads will be low. It will be low becau it will be necessary to have only one man looking after each job, without having another man to check upon what he is doing, keep him in line, and report on him to someone el. But if no one can be trusted to act in a loyal and responsible manner towards his job, then the business will require armies of administrators, checkers, and foremen and administrative overheads will ri correspondingly. As administrative overheads ri, so the earnings of the business after meeting he expen of administration, will fall; and the business will ha
深圳职业培训ve less money to distribute as dividends or invest directly in its future progress and development.
It is precily the same with a nation. To the extent that the people can be relied upon to behave in a loyal and responsible manner, the government does not require armies of police and civil rvants to keep them in order. But if a nation is disunited, the government cannot be sure that the actions of the people will be in the interests of the nation; and it will have to watch, check, and control the people accordingly. A disunited nation therefore has to incur unduly high costs of government.
RAYMOND FROST The Backward Society
【New words and expressions 生词和短语】
advocated
hub n. (活动的)中心
pentaho disunited adj. 分裂的
bbc纪录片中国新年
correspondingly adv. 相应地
backward adj. 落后的
incur v. 承担
administer v. 管理
adminstrative adj. 行政管理的
windows explorer>godfather>找高中辅导班 analogous adj. 类似的
overheads n. 一般费用
initiative n. 主动，积极性六级听力
checker n. 检查人员
catia培训
foreman n. 监工
