1、International marketing(国际市场营销) is defined as the performance of business actives designed to plan, price, promote and direct the flow of a company’s goods and rvices to customers or urs in more than one nation for a profit.
2、Domestic uncontrollable（国内不可控因素）: home-country elements that can have a direct on the success of foreign venture and are out of the immediate control of the marketeruntil.
3、Self-reference criterion (SRC)(自我参照标准)：SRC is an unconscious reference to one’s own cultural values, experiencechannel是什么意思s, and knowledge as a basis for decisions.
4、Conciliation （调解）(also known as mediation) is a nonbinding agreement between parties to resolve disputes by asking a third party to mediate difference.
5、Marketing rearch（市场调研） is traditionally defined as the systematic gathering, recording, and analyzing of data to provide information uful in marketing decision making.
6、Focus group discussion（焦点小组座谈会）：A focus group discussion (FGD) is an i
n-depth field method that brings together a small homogeneous group (usually six to twelve persons) to discuss topics on a study agenda. The purpo of this discussion is to u the social dynamics of the group. With the help of a moderator/facilitator to stimulate 留学费用最低的国家participants美国外教 to reveal underlying opinions, attitudes, and reasons for their behavior. In short, a well facilitated group can be helpful in finding out the “hows” and “whys” of human behavior.
7、Questionnaire(问卷调查): a questionnaire is a group of quence of questions designed to elicit information from an informant or respondent when asked by an interviewer or completed unaided by the respondent. When an interviewer in involved, the questionnaire is sometimes referred to as an interview.
8、Decentering(逐渐翻译)：In a process known as decentering, a successive process of translation and retranslation of a questionnaire occurs. In this process each time there are translations by a different translator. The process is repeated until all language difficulties or differences are resolved.
9、Distribution process(分销过程)：the distribution process includes the physical handling and distribution of goods, the passage of ownership and the buying and lling negotiations between producers and middlemen and between middlemen and customers.
10、Sales promotion(销售促进)：the media and nonmedia marketing pressure applied for a predetermined , limited period of time at the level of customer , retailer .or wholesaler in order to stimulate trial increa consumer.
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11、Advertising(广告)：the placement of announcements and persuasive message in time or space purchad in any of the mass media by business firms, nonprofit organizations, government agencies, and individuals who ek to inform and/or persuade members of a particular target market or audience about their products, rvices, organizations ,or ideals.
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12、Direct marketing(直接销售)：a form of nonstore retailing in which customers are expod to merchandi through an impersonal medium and then purcha thee merchandi by telephone or mail.
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13、Home-country middlemenlast name(母国中间商), or domestic middlemen, provide marketing rvices from a domestic ba and find foreign markets for products for local manufacturers.
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14、parallel imports（灰色市场）develop when importers buy products from distributors in one country and ll them in another to distributors who are not part of the manufacturer’s regular distribution system.
15、Exclusive distribution(专营)：it encourages retailers to stock large assortments英语四级考试试卷 ,often creates a favorable condition for parallel importing.
