Commercial terms 商业术语
General terms 一般术语
commerce, trade, trading 贸易inland trade, home trade, domestic trade, internal trade, interior trade 国内贸易international trade 国际贸易foreign trade, external trade 对外贸易，外贸terms of trade 贸易条件free-trade area 自由贸易区import, importation 进口importer 进口商export, exportation 出口exporter 出口商commercial channels 商业渠道customs 海关customs duty 关税quota 配额，限额item 项目，细目commercial transaction 买卖，交易dealer 经销商manufacturer 制造商，制造厂middleman 中间商，经纪人wholesaler 批发商
retailer 零售商tradesman 零售商merchant 商人(英)批发商,(美)零售商chillin
client, customer 顾客，客户buyer 买主，买方stocks 存货，库存量purcha 购买，进货sale 销售bulk sale 整批销售，趸售wholesale 批发retail trade 零售业cash sale 现货hire-purcha 分期付款购买(美作：installment plan) competition 竞争competitor 竞争者competitive 竞争的unfair competition 不合理竞争dumping profit margin 倾销差价，倾销幅度trademark 商标registered trademark 注册商标registered office, head office 总公司, 总店, 总部
Market 市场
home market 国内市场open market 公开市场black market 黑市
marketing 销售学，销售业务，市场调查consumption 消费demand 需求outlet 销路
offer 报盘，发价monopoly 垄断
Management and organization 组织管理
foresight, forecast 预测budget 预算plan 计划planning 计划编制
programme 计划，方案(美作：program) estimation, estimate, valuation 估价
更夫Accounting 会计结算
accountant 会计师bookkeeping 簿记bookkeeper 簿记师double-entry bookkeeping 复式簿记single-entry bookkeeping 单式簿记account book 帐簿，会计簿册cashbook 现金出纳簿
journal 日记簿statement of accounts 帐目表，帐单balance (sheet) 资产平稳表
financial year, trading year 财政年度
income and expenditure, receipts and expenditure, output and input 支出和收入asts 资产
liabilities 债务，负债debit 借方turnover, volume of business 营业额，销售额
cash on hand 留存现金，库存现金cash balance 现金余额，现款结存credit balance 贷方余额
adequate是什么意思debit balance 借方余额，借方差额deficit 亏空balance of trade 贸易差额，国际贸易平衡
balance of payments (国际)收支，国际收支差额表
Price 价格
cost price 成本价factory price, manufacturer's price 出厂价net price 净价，实价
price free on board 船上交货价purcha price 买价，进货价格sale price 卖价，销售价格wholesale price 批发价retail price 零售价fixed price 固定价格guaranteed price 保证价格cash price 现贷价格，现金价格market price 市场价preferential price 优惠价
piece price, unit price 单位价格，单价price control 物价管制，价格控制
maximum price, ceiling price 最高价minimum price 最低价
prime cost, first cost, first price, initial cost, initial price 最初成本price freeze 价格冻结
price fixing 限价，限定价格price index 物价指数price fall 价格下降ri in price 价格上涨
兔子英语on a lump-sum basis 一次(整笔)总付的方法all-inclusive 总括
Payment 支付
sum 总数，全额amount 总数，总值bill 汇票(美作：check) bill of exchange 汇票promissory note 本票，期票pro forma invoice 估价单，估价发票voucher 凭单，收据
receipt 收据advance (payment) 预付(款项) cash payment 现金支付，付现
deferred payment, payment by instalments 延期付款cash on delivery 交货付现，货到付款
down payment 预付定金monthly payment 月度付款payment in kind 以实物付款
payment in specie 以其真正形式付款refund, repayment 归还，调换证券
payment in arrears, outstanding payment 拖欠款项remuneration 报酬，补偿compensation 赔偿，补偿
Conferences 会议
asmbly 大会convention 会议party 晚会, 社交性宴会at-home party 家庭宴会
tea party 茶会dinner party 晚餐会garden party 游园会dance(party), ball, fandango 舞会reading party 读书会fishing party 钓鱼会sketching party 观剧会birthday party 生日宴会Christmas party 圣诞晚会luncheon party 午餐会fancy ball 化妆舞会commemorative party 纪念宴会wedding dinner, a wedding reception 结婚宴会banquet 酒宴pajama party 睡衣派对buffet party 立食宴会cocktail party 鸡尾酒会welcome meeting 欢迎会farewell party 惜别会pink tea 公式茶会new years's banquet 新年会year-end dinner party 忘年餐会box supper 慈善餐会fancy fair 义卖场general meeting, general asmbly 会员大会congress 代表大会board of directors 董事会executive council, executive board 执行委员会standing body 常设机构committee, commission 委员会
subcommittee 附属委员会，小组委员会general committee, general officers, general bureau 总务委员会cretariat 秘书处budget committee 预算委员会drafting committee 起草委员会
committee of experts 专家委员会advisory committee, consultative committee 顾问委员会，咨询委员会symposium 讨论会study group 学习研讨会minar 讲习会，学习讨论会meeting in camera 秘密会议(美作：executive ssion)opening sitting 开幕会final sitting 闭幕会formal sitting 隆重开会plenary meeting 全会sitting, meeting 开会(美作：ssion)ssion 会期，会议期间(美作：meeting)working party 工作小组
at, headquarters 席位governing body 主管团体round table 圆桌to sit a meeting, to meet a meeting, to hold a meeting 召开会议
Construction 建筑
General terms
to build, to construct 建设，建筑，修建architecture 建筑学building 修筑，建筑物hou 房子skyscraper 摩天大楼block of flats 公寓楼(美作：apartment block)monument 纪念碑palace 宫殿temple 庙宇basilica 皇宫，教堂cathedral 大教堂church 教堂tower 塔，塔楼ten-storey office block 十层办公大楼column 柱colonnade 柱列arch 拱town planning 市政(美作：city planning) building permission 营建许可证，建筑开工许可证greenbelt 绿地elevation 建筑物的三面图plan 设计图scale 比例尺to prefabricate 预制excavation 挖土，掘土foundations 基
to lay the foundations 打地基cour of bricks 砌好的砖列scaffold 脚手架scaffolding 脚手架
理学士
Worker
promoter 创办人architect 建筑师quantity surveyor 施工技术员draftsman 绘图员civil engineer 道路工程师builder 建筑工人foreman 工头master builder 营造商，建筑工程队队长
(master) bricklayer 泥瓦匠，砌砖工匠hodman, hod carrier 小工plasterer 抹灰工welder 焊工
joiner 工匠electrician 电工glazier 玻璃工匠plumber 管道技工plumber's mate 管道工
painter, decorator 油漆工crane driver 吊车司机
Building material
sand 沙cement 水泥mortar 灰泥plaster 石膏concrete 混凝土reinforced concrete, prestresd concrete 钢筋混凝土gravel 碎石brick 砖slate 石板marble 大理石beam 梁，木梁girder 钢梁corrugated iron 波状钢timber 木料，木材pipes 钢管wiring 电器设备
Tools
陕西二级建造师报名时间
wheelbarrow 手推车bucket, pail 桶ladder 手梯，高凳shovel 锹pickaxe, pickax 镐trowel 镘子
float 托泥板plumb line 铅锤线spirit level 水平仪pulley 滑轮hammer 锤sledgehammer 长柄锤chil 凿子cold chil 錾子wire cutter, wire cutters 剪钳pliers 钳子pincers 夹钳spanner 扳子(美作：wrench)(monkey) wrench, adjustable spanner 活络扳子screwdriver 螺丝刀，改锥circular saw 圆锯
plane 刨子mallet 木槌
Machines
steamroller 压路机bulldozer 推土机mechanical digger, excavator 挖掘机crane 吊车generator 电动机oxyacetylene torch 氧乙炔炬blowtorch 乙炔吹嘴power drill 机械钻tip lorry 翻斗车(美作：dump truck) cement mixer, concrete mixer 水泥搅拌车，混凝土搅拌车
Work Ministry of Labour 劳工部(美作：Department of Labor)
labour market 劳工市场, 劳务市场Labour exchange, Employment exchange 职业介绍所(美作：Employment Bureau)labour management 职业介绍经纪人full employment 整日制工作
to be paid by the hour 按小时付酬asonal work 季节工作piecework work 计件工作timework work 计时工作teamwork work 联合工作shift work 换班工作asmbly line work 组装线工作(美作：rial production) workshop 车间handicrafts, crafts 手艺, 技艺trade, craft 行当profession, occupation 职务employment, job 工作situation, post 位置job 一件工作vacancy 空缺, 空额work permit 工作许可证
to apply for a job 求职, 找工作application(for a job) 求职to engage, to employ 雇用work contract 劳务合同industrial accident 劳动事故occupational dia 职业病vocational guidance 职业指导
vocational training 职业训练retraining, reorientation, rehabilitation 再训练, 再培训conjunction
holidays, holiday, vacation 假期
Occupations
receptionist 接待员typist 打字员key puncher 电脑操作员stenographer 速记员telephone operator 电话接线员programmer 电脑程序员system analyst 系统分析员shorthand typist 速记打字员office girl 女记事员public rvants 公务员national public rvant 国家公务员local public rvice employee 地方公务员
outernetnation railroad man 国营铁路职员tracer 绘图员illustrator 汇稿员saleswoman 女店员pilot 驾驶员simultaneous 同时译员publisher 出版人员graphic designer 美术设计员delivery boy 送报员
cretary 秘书policeman 警察journalist 记者editor 编辑interpreter 通译者director 导演
talent 星探actor 男演员actress 女演员photographer 摄影师scholar 学者translator 翻译家novelist 小说家playwright 剧作家linguist 语言学家botanist 植物学家economist 经济学家chemist 化学家
scientist 科学家philosopher 哲学家politician 政治学家physicist 物理学家astropologist 人类学家archaeologist 考古学家geologist 地质学家expert on folklore 民俗学家mathematician 数学家
biologist 生物学家zoologist 动物学家statistician 统计学家physiologist 生理学家futurologist 未来学家artists 艺术家painter 画家musician 音乐家compor 作曲家singer 歌唱家designer 设计家
sculptor 雕刻家designer 服装设计师fashion coordinator 时装调配师dressmaker 女装裁剪师cutter 裁剪师wer 裁缝师tailor 西装师傅beautician 美容师model 模特ballerina 芭蕾舞星detective 刑警
chief of police 警察局长taxi driver 出租车司机clerk 店员mailman 邮差newspaper boy 报童bootblack 擦鞋童poet 诗人copywriter 撰稿人producer 制片人newscaster 新闻评论人milkman 送奶人merchant 商人florist 卖花人baker 面包师greengrocer 菜贩fish-monger 鱼贩butcher 肉贩shoe-maker 鞋匠saleswoman 女店员stewardess 空中小姐conductor 车掌station agent 站长porter 行李夫
car mechanic 汽车修理师architect 建筑师civil planner 城市设计师civil engineer 土木技师druggist, chemist, pharmacist 药剂师guide 导游oil supplier 加油工(public) health nur 保健护士dentist 牙科医生supervisor 监工forman 工头doctor 医生nur 护士
Industrial disputes 劳工冲突
claims 要求strike 罢工striker 罢工者go-slow 怠工(美作：slow-down)lockout 停工(业主为抵制工人的要求而停工)staggered strike 阶段性罢工strike picket 罢工纠察队员strike pay 罢工津贴(由工会给的) s
trikebreaker, blackleg 破坏罢工者down tools, sit-down strike 静坐demonstration, manifestation 示威sanction 制裁unemployment 失业asonal unemployment 季节性失业underemployment 不充分就业unemployed man 失业者(个人)the unemployed 失业者(集体)to discharge, to dismiss 辞退，开除，解雇dismissal 开除，解雇to terminate a contract 结束合同，结束契约
negotiation 谈判collective bargaining 劳资双方就工资等问题谈判
Ministry of Labour 劳工部(美作：Department of Labor)labour market 劳工市场, 劳务市场
莲藕的英文Labour exchange, Employment exchange 职业介绍所(美作：Employment Bureau)
labour management 职业介绍经纪人full employment 整日制工作
to be paid by the hour 按小时付酬asonal work 季节工作piecework work 计件工作
timework work 计时工作teamwork work 联合工作shift work 换班工作
六人行第五季
asmbly line work 组装线工作(美作：rial production)workshop 车间handicrafts, crafts 手艺, 技艺trade, craft 行当profession, occupation 职务employment, job 工作situation, post 位置
job 一件工作vacancy 空缺, 空额work permit 工作许可证to apply for a job 求职, 找工作
application(for a job) 求职to engage, to employ 雇用work contract 劳务合同industrial accident 劳动事故occupational dia 职业病vocational guidance 职业指导vocational training 职业训练
retraining, reorientation, rehabilitation 再训练, 再培训holidays, holiday, vacation 假期
