1.Sequential Rules [sɪ'kwenʃ(ə)l] 序列规则 Sequential Rules are rules that govern the combination of sounds in particular language.
e.g. If a word begins with a /l/ or /r/, then the next sound must be a vowel（元音）.
2.Prototype 一对一真人外教['prəʊtətaɪp]dustinhoffman 原型
What members of a particular community think of as the typical instance of a lexical category.
e.g. For some English speakers “cabbage”(rather than say carrot) might be the prototypical vegetable.
3.Presuppositional Trigger 预设触发语
A presupposition trigger is a construction or item that signals the existence of a presupposition in an utterance.
e.g.” Jane had another date with John.” It presuppos the fact that Jane has had one date
with John before. Apparently, the u of “another” called a presupposition trigger.
4.Posssor [pə'zesə] 所有人
Refers to one who has something
e.g. Jane’s doll. The first noun is the posssor.
5.Positive Face 积极面子
The positive consistent lf-image or “personality” (including the desire that this lf-image be appreciated and approved of)claimed by interactants.
e.g.: You are excellent.
6.Phoneme ['fəʊniːm] 音位 The smallest unit in the sound system of a language
e.g. the two words peak and speak, we are aware that the sound /p/ is pronounced differently
荷兰语翻译软件
7.Performative Utterance 言有所为
It is a ntence which is not true or fal but instead 'happy' or 'unhappy', and which is uttered in the performance of an illocutionary (语内表现行为的) act rather than ud to state something.
e.g. "I swear to do that", "I promi to be there"
lat8.Negative Face 消极面子
The basic claim to territories, personal prerves, rights to non-distraction. i.e. to freedom of action and freedom from imposition.
冬暖夏凉e.g.: You’d better not smoke here.
9.Morpheme 眼线笔怎么画['mɔ:fi:m] 词素
The smallest meaningful unit of language. It can not be divided without altering or destroying its meaning.
e.g. the English word unkindness consists of three morphemes: the S TEM1 kind, the negative prefix un-, and the noun-forming suffix -ness.
10.Metonymic Reasoning [,metə'nimik] 转喻推理
Metonymic Reasoning is a figure of speech ud in rhetoric(修辞) in which a thing or concept is not called by its own name, but by the name of something intimately(密切地) associated with that thing or concept.
For instance, "London", as the capital of the United Kingdom, can be ud as a metonym (an instance of metonymy) for the British government
e.g:silk suits you.”silk stands for the cloth made of silk.
11.Truth-conditional Semantics 语义真值条件
Truth-conditional Semantics is an approach to mantics(语义学) of natural language that es the meaning of asrtions as being the same as, or reducible to, the truth conditions of that ntence..
饶益
For example, 'snow is white'.
12.Theme [θiːm] 主题
Refers to one or thing that undergoes an action
e.g.sam found the dog.
13.Synonymy [sɪ'nɒnɪmɪ] 近义词/同义词
Synonyms are words which have different forms but similar meanings.
e.g. Start, begin, commence
14.Syllable ['sɪləb(ə)l] 音节
Syllable is phonological unit which is compod of one or more phonemes.. Every syllable has a nucleus, which is usually a vowel.
For example, /let/ consists of one syllable, whereas /ri’ga:d/ consists of two syllables.
15.Source 来源
Refers to the place from which an action originates.
For example, Sam left Beijing for Nanjing.
16.Metaphoric Reasoning 隐喻性思维
A显学 word or phra which is ud for special effect, and which does not have its usual or literal meaning
e.g. My hands are as cold as ice.
17.Location 位置
Refers to the place where an action happens,
e.g. Jane put the magazines on the table. The table is location.伊顿幼儿园
18.Instrument 工具
Refers to the means by which an action is performed.
For example, the key opened the door.
19.Indirect Speech Act 间接言语行为
A speech act in which the communicative intention is not reflected in the linguistic form of the utterance
For example, “It is very hot in here” may be ud to express a request to turn on the air conditioner.
20.Impersonalization [im,pə:sənəlai'zeiʃən] 非人格化
A device ud either to avoid mentioning onelf or the interlocutor(对话者), or to appeal to public rule or institutional regulation, which helps to gain successful interpersonal communication.
e.g. (1)I don和风日语’t think you can smoke in the waiting room, sir. (2)Smoking is not allowed in t
he waiting room, sir. Obviously, (2) is more polite than (1).
21.Hyponymy [haɪ'pɒnɪmɪ] 下义词
