英译汉-文体翻译(8)文学(小说)

更新时间:2023-06-15 11:14:56 阅读: 评论:0

第六单元文体翻译
第六节文学
一、文学翻译
1、文学翻译的标准?
⏹严复:信、达、雅
⏹林语堂:忠、顺、美
⏹钱钟书:化境
⏹傅雷:神似
⏹刘重德:信、达、切
火影忍者主题曲下载⏹泰特勒:翻译三原则
⏹奈达:等效翻译
非诚勿扰男生出场音乐
2、文学作品的种类
⏹小说
⏹散文
⏹戏剧
如何与人沟通⏹诗歌
3、文学翻译的策略
1813年,德国翻译理论家施莱尔马赫在《论翻译的方法》中提出,翻译的途径―只有两种:一种是尽可能让作者安居不动,而引导读者去接近作者;另一种是尽可能让读者安居不动,而引导作者去接近读者。‖
1995年,美国翻译理论家劳伦斯·韦努蒂(Lawrence Venuti)在其The Translator’s Invisibility: A History of Translation (1995,2008)中将这两种方法分别称为―异化法‖和―归化法‖。
⏹归化(domestication)
⏹异化(foreignization)
例1:Behind the mountain, the sun t.
译一:日落山阴
译二:山背后,太阳落下去了。
例2:My uncle Cassidy gives me money! Pigs might fly if they had wings!
译文:我的卡西迪叔叔会给我钱?那猪也会长翅飞上天啦!
例3:(Between two tall gate-posts of rough-hewn stone)we beheld the gray front of the old parsonage terminating the vista of an avenue of black ash-trees.
译一:我们看到了远处牧师旧宅的灰色门面,它令白蜡树成荫的大道景色戛然而止。
译二:一条大路,两旁白蜡树成林;路尽头可以望见牧师住宅的灰色门面。
例4:The days are in the yellow leaf,
The flowers and fruits of love are gone,
The worm, the canker, and the grief
Are mine alone.
— Byron
译一:
年华黄叶秋,
花实空悠悠。
多情徒自苦,
残泪带愁流。
(译者不详)
译二:
我的岁月似深秋的黄叶,
爱情的香花甜果已凋残;
只有蛀虫、病毒和灾孽,
是我的财产。
—杨德豫译
二、小说翻译
1、小说翻译的方法
(1)林纾的翻译方法
林纾(1852-1924),字琴南,福建人。一生主要教书,另外还从事写作、编书、绘画、翻译等。46岁起译《巴黎茶花女遗事》,至72岁去世,26年间共译作品近200种。
例如:
迦茵入室,易湿衣,衣湿直透肌肤之上.乃易取礼拜日礼服, 焕然照眼,衣作灰色,而领缘袖口,均白罗折叠,通明作云态, 尽梳整其发作懒妆,垂巨结于后.迦茵初不觉,而绝世风姿,益以妆点, 其一时无两之秀媚, 殆出天然.妆毕, 至客座, 啜茗而已, 不能进膳.自念吾命胡为人凌践至此? 觉此时荣卫之内, 均如火灼.顾今亦不管许事,且进省格雷芙矣.阿姨十二句钟可归,今日殆终局之日,见格雷芙一倾吐其款曲, 明日或为阿姨所逐, 正在意中.于是秉烛入面亨利.甫至门, 迦茵足停,适见亭立一巨镜, 再以烛奴一照,遂得备细自照其姿容,此第一次己与己相见而惊其美也.自觉具此绝世风格,在希腊古史中,正宜演出无穷事业,乃一身竟孤飘至是.瞥见己之双波,如剪秋水; 睫毛秀润,适当双蛾之下; 樱口微绽,如乳婴浓睡弄笑状; 匏犀微露, 灿白如象牙; …… 一堆金黄发,蓬蓬若结云气.此时衣色深灰,愈显其倾国之貌.迦茵徘徊审视久之,曰: ― 镜中人良不吾欺也.以此之故,希望遂生. ‖
—《迦茵小传》特点:
⏹较自由的文言文体,汉语造诣极高。
⏹深刻理解原文,保持原文风格
⏹投入情感,作品感人
⏹删节、发挥、改动过多,与原文出入较大
例:
Trailing wearily behind a rude wagon, and over a ruder road, Tom and his associates faced onward. In the wagon was ated Simon Legree; and the two women, still fettered together, were stowed away with some baggage in the back part of it, and the whole company were eking Legree’s plantation, which lay a good distance off.
It was a wild, forsaken road, now winding through dreary pine barrens, where the wind whispered mournfully, and now over log cauways, through long cypress swamps, the doleful trees rising out of the funereal black moss, while ever and anon the loathsome form of the moccasin snake might be en sliding among broken stumps and shattered branches that lay here and there, rotting in the water.
—Uncle Tom’s Cabin
译文:
镇路绝荦确,而笨车之轮轴,又复不脂,轮陷洼而颠,踰崎而缩。八奴共载车后,颠顿万状。李格理端坐车中,二女奴坐依其背。一路景物荒悄,似久无行人。两行怪树,状若鬼魅离立,苔纹绣满树身,如盘绿蛇。瘴气弥水,水腥臊作深紫之色。
(2)傅东华的翻译方法
傅东华(1893–1971)作家、翻译家。原名则黄。浙江金华人。1912年毕业于南洋公学后,考入中华书局任翻译员,并开始文学创作、英语翻译和理论研究。1912年参加文学研究会,1926年起任北京中国大学、复旦大学教授。1933年任《文学》月刊执行编委。并为《世界文库》和
《小说月报》撰稿。一生以翻译为主,译作有《飘》、《红字》、《琥珀》等,另有散文集《山胡桃集》,评论集《诗歌与批评》、《创作与模枋》等。
特点:
⏹行文自然,语言流畅,朗朗上口
⏹汉化
⏹随意增删
例1:Through the window,in the faint light of the rising moon, Tara stretched before her, negroes gone, acres desolate, barns ruined, like a body bleeding under her eyes, like her own body, slowly bleeding. This was the end of the road, quivering old age, sickness, hungry mouths, helpless hands
plucking at her skirts. And at the end of this road there was nothing—nothing but Scarlett O’Hara Hamilton, nineteen years old, a widow with a little child.
译文:
从窗口望出去,初上的明月下,陶乐依然在她眼底下展开,然而黑人都走了,田亩荒废了,仓房烧光了,就像一个受伤的身体在她眼底下流血,就像她自己的身体在这里慢慢消耗。这就是这条漫漫长路的终点了。这里是什么都没有了,就只剩她韩郝思嘉这一个芳龄十九的小寡妇。
例2:She had gone back to Tara once in fear and defeat and she had emerged from its sheltering walls strong and armed for victory. What she had done once, somehow — plea God, she could do again! How, she did not know. She did not want to think of that now. All she wanted was a breathing space in which to hurt, a quiet place to lick her wounds, a haven in which to plan her campaign. She thought of Tara and it was as if a gentle cool hand were stealing over her heart. She could e the white hou gleaming welcome to her through the reddening autumn leaves, feel the quiet hush of the country twilight coming down over her like a benediction, feel the dews falling on the acres of green bushes starred with fleecy white, e the raw color of the red earth and the dismal dark beauty of the pines on the rolling hills.
译文一:从前有一次,她曾为了恐惧和失败而回陶乐,在陶乐的安稳门墙里将息了几天,结果,果然强壮起来,后来果然打了个胜仗。现在她若回陶乐去一趟,将来一定能打胜仗。怎么打法呢?她并不知道,现在她也不愿去想它。她现在需要的,就是一个可以容她畅快呼吸的空间,使她可以静静地痛定思痛,静静地舔着创伤,静静地筹划反攻的良策。她一想到了陶乐,就像有一只阴冷的手来抚摸她的焦灼的心房。他仿佛看见那几堵白粉的围墙,掩映在那正在转红的秋叶里,在那里招呼她了;仿佛看见那一片幽静的乡野黄昏,像一个黑衣教士一般,在那里迎候她了;仿佛那一簇簇棉花叶上的晶莹露珠在她脚下了,那一丛丛郁郁的苍松在她面前了。
—傅东华,1940
译文二:他曾经怀着恐惧和失败的心情回到塔拉去过,后来在它的庇护下恢复了,又坚强地武装起来,重新投入战斗。凡是她以前做过的,不管怎样——请上帝保佑,她能够再来一次!至于怎么做,她还不清楚。她现在不准备考虑这些。她惟一需要的是有个歇息的空间来熬受痛苦,有个安静的地方来舔她的伤口,有个避难所来计划下一个战役。她一想起塔拉就仿佛有一只轻柔而冷静的手悄悄抚摸她的心似地。他看得见那栋雪白发亮的房子在秋天转红的树叶掩映中向她招手欢迎,他感觉得到乡下黄昏时的宁静气氛像祝祷时的幸福感一样笼罩在她周围,感觉得到落在广袤的绿白相映的棉花田里的露水,看得见蜿蜒起伏的丘陵上那些赤裸的红土地和郁郁苍苍的松林。
—戴侃,李野光,庄绎传,1990
译文三:由于恐惧与失败,她回过一次塔拉,在它坚定的支持下,又恢复了自信,鼓起了奋斗的勇气。既然做到过一次,上帝啊,求你保佑我再来一次吧!怎么做,她却不知道。她现在不愿想,她只要一个容她生存,容她痛苦的小天地,一个安安静静的地方,好舔舔自己的伤;一个避难所,好筹划以后的战斗。一想到塔拉,就仿佛有只凉爽温柔的手在抚慰她作疼的心。她仿佛看到那幢白房子在闪光,在欢迎她归来。她仿佛感到,乡间宁静的暮霭正在向她徐徐降下,为他祝福。她仿佛看到,露珠正悄然滴落在无边的绿野,雪白的棉桃上,还有那未曾拓垦的土地,枝繁叶茂的松树林,绵延起伏的小山岗。
—黄建人,1999
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(3)当今的翻译方法
特点:
⏹内容等值
⏹语言流畅
培训课程排行榜⏹风格一致
例:It was a small chapel with a painting of Jesus over the altar. The rooms was derted except for Jennifer. She knelt, but she was unable to pray. She was not a religious person; why would God listen to her now? She tried to quiet her mind so that she could talk to God , but her fear was too strong; it had taken complete posssion of her.
译文:
这是一所小小的教堂,圣坛上挂着耶稣的画像。教堂里空空的,只有詹妮弗一个人。她跪了下来,但她无法祈祷。他不信教,上帝为什么现在一定要听她的祈祷呢?她竭力使自己定下神来,以便好好跟上帝谈一谈。但恐惧感太强了,完全占据了她的心灵。
—林珍珍,钱炜
bigen2、小说翻译的要点
⏹语言环境的传译
⏹人物描绘的传译
manfriday
⏹写作技巧的传译
⏹总体风格的传译
(1)语境的传译
语境传译比语义传译要困难得多。翻译时不仅要注意如何选词,还要注意使用什么样的句式,选用哪种表达方法等,以再现原文语境。
例1:It was Miss Murdstone who arrived, and a gloomy looking lady she was; dark, like her brother, who she greatly rembled in face and voice; and with very heavy eyebrows, nearly meeting over her large no, as if being disabled by the wrongs of her x from wearing whiskers, she had carried them to that account.
译文:
来的不是别人,正是枚得孙小姐。只见这个妇人,满脸肃杀,发肤深色,和她兄弟一样,而且嗓音也都和她兄弟非常地像。两道眉毛非常地浓,在大鼻子上面几乎都连到一块了,好像因为她是女性,受了冤屈,天生地不能长胡子,所以才把胡子这笔账,转到眉毛的帐上了。
—张谷若《大卫·考波菲尔》
例2:All John Reed’s violent tyrannies, all his sisters’ proud indifference, all his mother’s aversion, all the rvant’s partiality, turned up in my disturbed mind like a dark deposit in a turbid well. I dared commit no fault; I strove to fulfill every duty; and I was termed naughty and tiresome, sullen and sneaking, from morning to noon, and form noon to night.
—Jane Eyre
译文:约翰·里德的专横霸道,他姐妹的高傲冷漠,他母亲的厌恶,仆人们的偏心,像一口混沌的水井中黑色的沉淀物,一股脑儿泛起在我烦恼不安的心头。我不敢有丝毫闪失,干什么都全力以赴,人家还骂我淘气鬼,讨厌坯,骂我阴丝丝,贼溜溜,从早上骂到下午,从下午骂到晚上。
—黄源深《简·爱》
(2)人物描绘的传译
人物描绘不仅包括人物的肖像和外貌,而且包括人物的语言、动作心理活动等等。翻译时应用心选词,寻找最恰当的表达方式,注意这些内容与人物性格的一致性,给读者留下深刻的印象。
例1:Emma Woodhou, handsome, clever, and rich, with a comfortable home and happy disposition, emed to unite some of the best blessings of existence; and had lived nearly twenty-on
schwarzkopfe years in the world with very little to distress or vex her.
译文:爱玛·伍德豪斯简直是个得天独厚的人,又美丽,又聪明,又有钱,不但家里生活舒适,而且性情开朗。他快慢二十一岁了,一直过着无忧无虑的生活。
—张经浩《爱玛》
例:One day she was pink and flawless, another pale and tragical. When she was pink she was feeling less than when pale; her more perfect beauty accorded with her less elevated mood; her more inten mood with her less perfect beauty.
—Tess of the d’Urbervilles
译文一:有的时候,她就娇妍、完美;另有的时候,她就灰白、凄楚。他脸上娇妍的时候,就不象她脸上灰白的时候那样多愁善感;她更完美的美丽,和她较为轻松的心情互相协调;她更紧张的心情,和她比较稍差的美丽互相融洽。
—张谷若译
译文二:今天光艳照人,白玉无瑕;明天却又沮丧苍白,满面苍凉。鲜艳往往出自于无忧;而苍白,却总是由于多愁。胸中没了思虑她便美丽无瑕,一旦烦愁涌起,便又容色憔悴。
trunk
—孙法理译
(3)写作手法的传译
人性化英文小说的语言具有极大的包容性,写作手法多种多样,如细节描写、修辞手段、具有民族特色或背景意义的表达方式等等。翻译时应尽量忠实地传译。
例1:While such honeydew fell, such silence reigned, such gloaming gathered, I felt as if I could haunt such shade for ever; …
译文:在这玉露徐降,悄无声息,夜色渐浓的时刻,我觉得仿佛会永远在这样的阴影里踯躅。
—黄源深《简·爱》
例2:When I saw my charmer thus come in accompanied by a cavalier, I em to hear a hiss, and the green snake of jealousy, rising on undulating coils from the moonlit balcony, glided within my waistcoat, and ate its way in two minutes to my heart’s core.

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