英语二重点语法

更新时间:2023-06-15 10:48:04 阅读：评论：0

一．名词

I. 名词的种类：

不可数名词量的表示语：

(1) 不可数名词可加表单位的形容片语，表示数的观念。其公式为：　数词＋单位词＋of＋不可数名词

(2) 各类表单位的形容词片语。

(A) 物质名词：a piece (suit) of armour a piece (slice) of cake a piece (an article) of furniture a piece of jewelry

a piece (sheet) of paper a cake of soap a piece (slice) of bacon a piece (stick) of chalk

a bit (blade) of grass a piece (strip) of land a bit (grain) of rice a bowl of soup

(B) 抽象名词 a word of abu an item (a bit) of business an attack of fever a bit (an amount) of interest;

a fit of passion a piece (word) of advice a piece of evidence a piece (an item) of information　a piece (an item) of news;

名词种类的表示语：kind of, sort of, type of, 三者都可接可数名词及不可数名词，其后的冠词a (an)常被省略。之前可加a, the, some, any, etc.

What kind of (a) pencil did you buy? I had a kind of suspicion that he was cheating.

I like this kind of flower. I like flowers of this kind. （置名词后更强调种类）

II. 名词的数：

1. 规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下：

规则			例词
1	一般情况在词尾加-s		map-maps, a-as, girl-girls, day-days
2	以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-es		class-class, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes
3zino	以-f或-fe结尾的词	变-f和-fe为v再加-es	leaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves
3zino	以-f或-fe结尾的词	加-s	chief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs
4	以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加-es		party-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities
5	以元音字母加y结尾的名词，或专有名词以y结尾的，加-s		toy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys
6	以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词	一般加-es	Negro-Negroes, hero-heroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes
		不少外来词加-s	piano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos
		两者皆可	zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos
7	以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-s		radio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos
8	特殊变化		低语whisper medium media, child children,
	abitur

2. 不规则名词复数：英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如下：

规则			例词
1	改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式		man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goo-gee, mou-mice
2	单复数相同		sheep, deer, means, works, fish, yuan, jin,
3	只有复数形式		trours, clothes, thanks, goods, glass,
4	一些集体名词总是用作复数		people, police
5	部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也可以作复数（成员）		class, family, crowd, couple, group, government, population, team, public, party
6	复数形式表示特别含义		customs(海关), times(时代), spirits(情绪), drinks(饮料), sands(沙滩), papers(文件报纸), looks(外表), brains(头脑智力), greens(青菜)
7	表示“某国人”	加-s	Americans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans
		单复数同形	hnnn Swiss, Portugue, Chine, Japane
		以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-women	Englishmen, Frenchwomen
8	火烧摩天楼下载合成名词	将主体名词变为复数	sons-in-law, lookers-on, pasrs-by, story-tellers, boy friends
		无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数	grown-ups, houwives, stopwatches
		将两部分变为复数	women singers, men rvants

III. 名词的所有格：

名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种：一是名词词尾加’s构成，二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西，后者多表示无生命的东西。

1. ’s所有格的构成：

单数名词在末尾加’s		the boy’s father, Jack’s book, her son-in-law’s photo,
复数名词	一般在末尾加’	the teachers’ room, the twins’ mother,
	不规则复数名词后加’s	the children’s toys, women’s rights,
以s结尾的人名所有格加’s或者’		Dickens’ novels, Charles’s job, the Smiths’ hou
表示各自的所有关系时,各名词末尾均须加’s 韩语翻译在线		Japan’s and America’s problems, Jane’s and Mary’s bikes
表示共有的所有关系时在最后一词末加’s		Japan and America’s problems, Jane and Mary’s father
表示＂某人家＂＂店铺＂，所有格后名词省略		the doctor’s, the barber’s, the tailor’s, my uncle’s

2. ’s所有格的用法：

１	表示时间	today’s newspaper, five weeks’ holiday
2	表示自然现象	the earth’s atmosphere, the tree’s branches
3	表示国家城市等地方的名词	the country’s plan, the world’s population, China’s industry
4	表示工作群体	the ship’s crew, majority’s view, the team’s victory
5	表示度量衡及价值	a mile’s journey, five dollars’ worth of apples
6	与人类活动有特殊关系的名词	the life’s time, the play’s plot
7	某些固定词组	a bird’s eye view, a stone’s throw, at one’s wit’s end(不知所措)

3. of所有格的用法：

用于无生命的东西：the legs of the chair, the cover of the book

用于有生命的东西，尤其是有较长定语时：the classrooms of the first-year students

用于名词化的词：the struggle of the oppresd

二．冠词

冠词分为不定冠词（a, an），定冠词（the），和零冠词。

I. 不定冠词的用法：

圆体英文

1	指一类人或事，相当于a kind of	A plane is a machine that can fly.
天津日语翻译2	第一次提及某人某物，非特指	A boy is waiting for you.
3	表示“每一”相当于every，one，per	We study eight hours a day.
4	表示“相同”相当于the same	We are nearly of an age.
5	用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事	A Mr. Smith came to visit you when you were out That boy is rather a Lei Feng.
6	用于固定词组中	A couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time
7	用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后	This room is rather a big one.
8 bureaucracy	用于so(as, too, how)+形容词之后	She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.
9	物质名词或抽象名词加a (an)即成普通名词	This is a good cloth for summer.
太原雅思10	“have (or take) + a + 抽象名词”，与抽象名词的动词形同义	Let us take a swim. = Let us swim.

II. 定冠词的用法：

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标签：名词表示复数形式所有格名人结尾

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