高中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习
虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设，所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。根据时间的不同，虚拟条件句可分为三种，即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句
（1）表示与现在事实相反
If I had enough money now, I would lend it to you.
（2）表示与过去事实相反
If he had taken your advice, he wouldn’t have made such a bad mistake.
（3）表示与将来事实相反
patient是什么意思I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow.
1. 虚拟条件句的倒装
在虚拟条件句中，为了强调所假设条件的虚拟性，或突出说话人的一种主观愿望，虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。虚拟条件句的倒装是通过去掉if，把条件从句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现的。例如：Had I been（= If I had been ） in that situation， I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money.
Should there be （= If there should be） a drought， what should we do at that time ？
2. 错综时间条件句
有时条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间并不一致，这时谓语动词的形式应根据它所要表示的具体时间来确定。例如：
If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years ，thing s wouldn’t be going so smoothly.
3. 含蓄条件句
有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来，而是通过某个介词或介词短语（如：with，otherwi，without，but for，in that position）、上下文或其它方式表现出来。这种句子称为含蓄条件句。例如：
But for the help from you ， I would not have had the chance to go to college.
二、虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用
在某些词或短语后接的从句中要使用虚拟语气，表示愿望、建议或命令等。根据虚拟语气的形式不同，虚拟语气可以分为“should类”和“过去时态类”。
星期一到星期日（一）should类
这一类的虚拟语气是通过从句中的谓语动词使用“should +动词原形”体现出来的，should可以省略。其具体运用体现在：
1. 在suggest ， order， demand ， propo， command， request， desire，insist等表示建议、命令、要求、意见的动词后接的宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气。
如：He suggests that she should leave the hou at once.
The leader ordered that the task（should） be finished as soon as possible.
He propod that we （should）deal with the problem by the view of development.
2. 与suggest，order，demand，propo，command，request，desire，insist等动词相对应的名词suggestion，order，demand，proposal等后的表语从句或同位语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如：The general nt the order that the battle （should）be held on until the complete failure of the enemy.
My proposal is that we（should） t a deadline for handing in the plan.
3. 在It is/was suggested （ordered，demanded，propod，etc.）结构以及necessary，esntial，important，strange，natural等形容词后的主语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如：
It’s requested that we （should）keep the stability of the society for the people’s peaceful life.
沈阳外语培训学校
It is necessary that the badly wounded man（should） be treated immediately. （二）过去时态类
英语中，还有一些词或短语后接的从句或句子，也要使用虚拟语气，虚拟语气是通过句中的谓语使用过去的某种时态（如：一般过去时、过去完成时等）来体现的。
1. wish，would rather 后的宾语从句。如：
He wished he had never been involved in such affairs.
I would rather you could teach me again.
2. as if，as though引导的从句。如：
The little boy knows so many things as if he was a man.
He acted as usual as though nothing had happened.nubar
3. 由if only （要是……，那该多好啊！）引导的惊叹句。如：
If only I had pasd the test！
If only it stopped raining！
4. It is（about/high） time 后的定语从句。如：
It is time we went out for a walk.
It was high time they had begun to prepare the experiment.
三、虚拟语气的其它用法
在英语中，一些表示建议、请求、劝告、愿望、祈祷、祝福或诅咒的句子，也需要使用虚拟语气。如：
Would you mind smoking here？
May you be lucky！
Long live the people of China！deviceid>lfishness
God save me.
虚拟语气练习题
1．_________ what would happen the following day, they would have reconsidered their thoughts.
酵母是什么意思A．Did they know B．Were they to know C．Had they known D．should they know 【答案】C
【解析】
one fourth
【详解】
考查虚拟语气和倒装。句意：如果他们知道第二天会发生什么，他们就会重新考虑他们的想法。此句是if从句和过去事实相反的情况，从句用had+过去分词，主句用
would/could/should/ might +have+过去分词。这种虚拟条件句可以把had提前，省去if，故选C。
【点睛】
If虚拟条件句如果含有had/should/were时，可省略if把句子倒装，把had/should/were提到主语前面。
如：1. If I were you, I would take his advice.
→Were I you, I would take his adv ice.
2. If I had known about the lecture, I would have taken it.
→Had I known about the lecture, I would have taken it.
3. If there should be a letter for me, plea keep it in the drawer.
→Should there be a letter for me, plea keep it in the drawer.
2．-- It’s many years since I saw you last； I _____ you at all.
--- I wouldn’t have, either, if someone ______ you by the name.
A．didn’t recognize; hadn’t called B．didn’t recognize; didn’t call
C．haven’t recognized; didn’t call D．recognized; had called
【答案】A汉堡包英语怎么说
【解析】
【详解】
考查时态和虚拟语气。句意：---自从上一次相见已经过去许多年了，我没有认出你来。---如果不是有人喊你的名字，我也没有认出你。第一空指的是说这句话之前没有认出对方，故用过去式；第二空表示对过去事情相反的假设，在从句中对过去的虚拟用过去完成式。故选A。
3．The general demanded that the soldiers at the village before to
rescue the victims of the earthquake.
2013年英语四级作文A．will arrive B．arrive C．would arrive D．arrived
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
试题分析：考查虚拟，动词demand引导的宾语从句，后面用虚拟语气，（should）+动词原形
考点：考查虚拟
点评：虚拟是常考内容，做此类题时，需要注意先行词，如果先行词是demand/suggest或者引导宾语从句时，用虚拟语气
4． for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often.
A．If it is not B．Were it not
C．Had it not been D．If it were to be
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意：如果没有那些免费的票，我不会去影院这么频繁。If虚拟条件句的否定（含蓄条件句）常考两个句型：If it weren’t for…和If it hadn’t been for…，其意为“若不是(有)”“要不是”。从句中如果有助动词had, should或were时，可以省略if，而从句使用倒装语序。故选C。
5．If it _________ not for all the cars and pasrs-by with cameras, you _________ think you have magically traveled back to the 14 century.
A．is …will B．had been… would
C．were… will D．were…might
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
试题分析：句意：如果不是因为所有的汽车和带照相机的过路人，你可能会认为你奇迹般的回到了14世纪。从句意看，这是一种不真实的情况，用虚拟语气，因为是和现在相反的情况，所以if的从句用be动词的过去时were，主句用情态动词might do，所以选D。
考点：考查情态动词和虚拟语气
6．It is required that students _____mobile phones at school, so ldom _____them using one. A．don’t u; will you e B．should not u; you will e
C．not u; will you e D．can’t u; will you e
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
试题分析：句意：学生们被要求在学校不能用手机，所以你很少看见他们用手机。
第一空require 所引导从句要用虚拟语气，should+do.Should 可省略。
第二空ldom 很少，否定副词置句首部分倒装。故选C。
考点：虚拟语气及倒装。
点评：本题重在熟练掌握虚拟语气及倒装用法。
7．Sorry, I am too busy now. If I _____ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you. A．have had B．had had C．have D．had
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
本题考查虚拟语气。句意：对不起，我很忙。要是我有空的话，我肯定会和你一起去郊游。既然I am too busy，说明“我有空”只能是对现在的一种假设，所以此处为虚拟语气。含有主从复合句的虚拟语气在if从句中谓语动词通常用过去式形式表现在，所以答案应选had。
8．________ his parents’ advice, he ________ having made such a silly mistake now.
A．He had taken; would not regret
B．Had he taken; would not regret
C．He had taken; would not have regretted
D．Had he had taken; would not have regretted
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查倒装和虚拟语气。句意：如果他听取父母的建议，他就不会现在犯如此愚蠢的错误。If从句与过去相反用过去完成时，省略if后，提前had。主句有提示词now，表示与现在相反，用would+动词原形。故选B。
9．If he had known he was building his own hou, he ________ all of it so differently. A．would do B．would have done
C．could do D．must have done
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
句意：如果他知道他正在盖自己的房子，他做的所有这些将会很不同。根据“If he had known”可知，本句是对过去的虚拟，因此主句中谓语动词需用would have done结构，故选B。must have done表示“一定做过”，是过去事情的肯定推测。
10．I the answer to her possible, but I was fully occupied then.
A．could explain; if it had been B．must have explained; were it
C．should have explained; had it been D．should have explained; should it be
【答案】C
