译想不到介词with你用对了吗?
新的一周,让我们从思考翻译问题开始!日语基础学习
本期译想不到,我们来聊一聊with这个介词。
with的含义和用法有很多,可以表示方式或手段、人或物的特征、状态等,与某些抽象名词连用时还可以作状语(如with care)。但这并不代表,任何时候都可以把with搬出来做“万金油”。
接下来,我们通过几个翻译案例看看with的误用和滥用。
案例一
【原文】
截至2015年6月,某市从事环保产业的企业共有106家,年产值为78.71亿元,涉及环境保护产品生产、资源综合利用、环境保护服务和洁净产品生产等领域。
【初译】
Up to June 2015, there were 106 enterpris in this industry in XYZ City, with 7.87 billion of annual output, involving production of environmental products, comprehensive utilization of resources, environmental protection rvices and clean products.
如何学习好结合原文来看,with的逻辑主语应该是enterpris,但是初译中的with 7.87 billion of annual output却会引起歧义,既可以修饰this industry,也可以修饰enterpris,甚至可以修饰XYZ City。
而原文的意思很明确,年产值78.71亿元指的是106家企业的产值,因此这里用with也是不合适的。
在职研究生有双证【参考译文】
As of June 2015, there are 106 energy conrvation and environmental protection companies in XYZ City, generating an annual output of RMB 7.87 billion from environmental protection products, comprehensive resource utilization, environmental protection rvices and clean products.
案例一属于with的典型误用。接下来我们再看一个更具迷惑性的案例。
案例二
【原文】
唯美电影某实验小学系南通市百年名校“南通师范学校第一附属小学”集团办学分校。
【初译】
The XYZ Experimental Primary School has forged an educational partnership with the No.1 Affiliated Primary School of Nantong Normal College, a top primary school with a history of over one hundred years.
从语法上分析,with a history of over one hundred years修饰的是a top primary school。with有个意思就是“某人/物具有…”。拥有百年历史的学校,和原文“百年名校”意思对上了,那这里为什么用with会不恰当呢?
原因在于,“拥有……历史”在中文里是一个司空见惯的表达,英文中则不然。学校如何去
heel拥有历史呢?历史是抽象的,谁都不可能拥有历史。
看出问题后,我们来尝试修改译文。原文中,“某实验小学系南通市百年名校”想表达的信息是,这所小学名声很好,而且持续了百年。如此解读之后,译文思路是不是也就清晰了?
optimist
【参考译文】
The XYZ Experimental Primary School operates as a branch of the No.1 Affiliated Primary School to Nantong Normal College, a top primary school in Nantong enjoying a century-long fame.
这个案例提醒我们,在做汉英翻译时,不能用中文的逻辑来思考,而应该用英文逻辑来判断译文是否合理。
上面两个案例属于with的误用,接下来我们来看看with滥用的情况,并学习如何换种表达体现原文逻辑。chit
案例三
【原文】
截至2015年底,某市拥有医院、卫生院306个所。共有执业医师和执业助理医师1.68万人,注册护士1.67万人。
【初译】
honeypot
As of the end of 2015, XYZ City has en the number of hospitals and healthcare centers reach 306, with over 16,800 licend physicians and licend physician assistants, and over 16,700 certified nurs.
hospitals and healthcare centers和with后面的physicians、physician assistants、nurs之间的关系是,physicians、physician assistants、nurs在hospitals and healthcare centers工作,而with的使用未能点明这一逻辑关系,所以可以换成更加清楚的表达。
【参考译文】
As of the end of 2015, XYZ City is home to 306 hospitals and healthcare centers staffing
a total of 16,800 licend physicians and assistant physicians, and 16,700 certified nurs.
案例四
【原文】
此外,中部功能区聚焦区域内的49个楼宇园区,依托文创专项扶持政策,推动载体资源改造升级,助力文化创意产业的进驻与融合发展。
【初译】
Besides, with dedicated policy support, it is also working on the upgrading of the cultural and creative industry carriers, including 49 office buildings and industry parks, to attract more cultural and creative enterpris to move in, thereby prompting the integrated development of the cultural and creative industries.
初译这句话的主语是it,指的是“中部功能区”,由于上文已经提到,因此这里用it指代即可。
重点关注初译加粗的部分,从语法上理解,with dedicated policy support应该和it存在一定逻辑关系,但这个关系到底是什么,初译交代得十分模糊。
从原文来看,二者之间的关系应该是:中部功能区通过/借助/…专项扶持政策来推动升级、助力发展,显然这里仅用一个with无法表达这一逻辑,我们看看参考译文怎么说。
【参考译文】
Besides, it is working on the upgrading of the cultural and creative industry carriers, including 49 office buildings and industry parks, to attract more cultural and creative enterpris to move in through dedicated policy support码头英文, thereby prompting the integrated development of the cultural and creative industries.
今天这四个案例告诉我们,即便是很小的一个介词,如果用错或者用得不恰当,也会导致英文的逻辑出现问题。大家一定要警惕哦!
这期内容就到这里,我们下周一见~
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文案:范媛媛
排版:李泽慧
banana审定:刘俐雅 朱玲