强化应对气候变化行动——中国国家自主贡献
basisEnhanced Actions on Climate Change: China’s Intended Nationally Determined Contributions
气候变化是当今人类社会面临的共同挑战。工业革命以来的人类活动，特别是发达国家大量消费化石能源所产生的二氧化碳累积排放，导致大气中温室气体浓度显著增加，加剧了以变暖为主要特征的全球气候变化。气候变化对全球自然生态系统产生显著影响，温度升高、海平面上升、极端气候事件频发给人类生存和发展带来严峻挑战。
Climate change is today’s common challenge faced by all humanity. Human activities since the Industrial Revolution, especially the accumulated carbon dioxide emissions from the intensive fossil fuels consumption of developed countries, have resulted in significantly increasing the atmospheric concentration of greenhou gas, exacerbated climate change primarily characterized by global warming. Climate change has significant impacts on global natural ecosystems, causing temperature increa and a level ri as well as more frequent extreme climate events, all of which po a huge challenge to the survival an
d development of the human race.
气候变化作为全球性问题，需要国际社会携手应对。多年来，各缔约方在《联合国气候变化框架公约》（以下简称公约）实施进程中，按照共同但有区别的责任原则、公平原则、各自能力原则，不断强化合作行动，取得了积极进展。为进一步加强公约的全面、有效和持续实施，各方正在就2020年后的强化行动加紧谈判磋商，以期于2015年年底在联合国气候变化巴黎会议上达成协议，开辟全球绿色低碳发展新前景，推动世界可持续发展。
Climate change is a global issue that requires the collaboration of the international community. For years, in accordance with the principles of equity and common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities, the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (hereinafter referred to as the Convention) have been working to enhance cooperation and achieved positive progress in the implementation of the Convention. To further enhance the full, effective and sustained implementation of the Convention, negotiations and consultations are now under way on enhanced actions beyond 2020, so as to reach an agreement at the Conference of the Pzyz是什么意思
arties to the Convention in Paris at the end of 2015. This will open up a new prospect for green and low-carbon development across the globe and promote sustainable development worldwide.
中国是拥有13多亿人口的发展中国家，是遭受气候变化不利影响最为严重的国家之一。中国正处在工业化、城镇化快速发展阶段，面临着发展经济、消除贫困、改善民生、保护环境、应对气候变化等多重挑战。积极应对气候变化，努力控制温室气体排放，提高适应气候变化的能力，不仅是中国保障经济安全、能源安全、生态安全、粮食安全以及人民生命财产安全，实现可持续发展的内在要求，也是深度参与全球治理、打造人类命运共同体、推动全人类共同发展的责任担当。
As a developing country with a population of more than billion, China is among tho countries that are most verely affected by the adver impacts of climate change. China is currently in the process of rapid industrialization and urbanization, confronting with multiple challenges including economic development, poverty eradication, improvement of living standards, environmental protection and combating climate change.石旻玥
To act on climate change in terms of mitigating greenhou gas emissions and enhancing climate resilience, is not only driven by China’s domestic needs for sustainable development in ensuring its economic curity, energy curity, ecological curity, food curity as well as the safety of people’s life and property and to achieve sustainable development, but also driven by its n of responsibility to fully engage in global governance, to forge a community of shared destiny for humankind and to promote common development for all human beings.
根据公约缔约方会议相关决定，在此提出中国应对气候变化的强化行动和措施，作为中国为实现公约第二条所确定目标做出的、反映中国应对气候变化最大努力的国家自主贡献，同时提出中国对2015年协议谈判的意见，以推动巴黎会议取得圆满成功。
In accordance with relevant decisions of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention, China hereby prents its enhanced actions and measures on climate change as its nationally determined contributions towards achieving the objective t out in Article 2 of the Convention, which reprent its utmost efforts in addressing climate change, and cont
nitonributes its views on the 2015 agreement negotiations with a view to making the Paris Conference a great success.
一、中国强化应对气候变化行动目标
I. Enhanced Actions on Climate Change
长期以来，中国高度重视气候变化问题，把积极应对气候变化作为国家经济社会发展的重大战略，把绿色低碳发展作为生态文明建设的重要内容，采取了一系列行动，为应对全球气候变化作出了重要贡献。2009年向国际社会宣布：到2020年单位国内生产总值二氧化碳排放比2005年下降40%－45%，非化石能源占一次能源消费比重达到15%左右，森林面积比2005年增加4000万公顷，森林蓄积量比2005年增加13亿立方米。积极实施《中国应对气候变化国家方案》、《“十二五”控制温室气体排放工作方案》、《“十二五”节能减排综合性工作方案》、《节能减排“十二五”规划》、《2014－2015年节能减排低碳发展行动方案》和《国家应对气候变化规划（2014－2020金山翻译器年）》。加快推进产业结构和能源结构调整，大力开展节能减碳和生态建设，在7个省（市）开展碳排放权交易试点，在42个省（市）开展低碳试点，探索符合中国国情的低碳发展新模式。2014年，中国单位国内生产
总值二氧化碳排放比2005年下降%，非化石能源占一次能源消费比重达到惠州少儿英语%，森林面积比2005年增加2160万公顷，森林蓄积量比2005年增加亿立方米，水电装机达到3亿千瓦（是2005年的倍），并网风电装机达到惊喜单词9581万千瓦（是compound2005年的90倍），光伏装机达到2805万千瓦（是2005年的400永不变心倍），核电装机达到1988万千瓦（是2005年的倍）。加快实施《国家适应气候变化战略》，着力提升应对极端气候事件能力，重点领域适应气候变化取得积极进展。应对气候变化能力建设进一步加强，实施《中国应对气候变化科技专项行动》，科技支撑能力得到增强。
China attaches great importance to addressing climate change since long, making it a significant national strategy for its social and economic development and promoting green and low-carbon development as important component of the ecological civilization process. It has already taken a ries of climate actions which reprent a significant contribution to combating the global climate change. In 2009, China announced internationally that by 2020 it will lower carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP by 40% to 45% from the 2005 level, increa the share of non-fossil fuels in primary energy consumption to about 15% and increa the forested area by 40 million hectares and the
forest stock volume by billion cubic meters compared to the 2005 levels. In this connection, China has enacted and implemented the National Program on Climate Change, the Work Plan for Controlling Greenhou Gas Emissions during the 12th Five-Year Plan Period, the Comprehensive Work Plan for Energy Conrvation and Emission Reduction for the 12th Five Year Plan Period, the 12th Five Year Plan for Energy Conrvation and Emission Reduction, the 2014-2015 Action Plan for Energy Conrvation, Emission Reduction and Low-Carbon Development, and the National Plan on Climate Change (2014-2020). China has accelerated the adjustment of its industry and energy structures and invested great efforts in improving energy efficiency, lowering carbon emissions and enhancing the ecosystem. China has initiated carbon emission trading pilots in 7 provinces and cities and low-carbon development pilots in 42 provinces and cities to explore a new mode of low-carbon development consistent with its prevailing national circumstances. By 2014 the following has been achieved:
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