【美国的富人】强盗大亨与硅谷国王 （上）
Self-made wealth in America2012年学科评估
四级作文模板万能句型美国白手起家的富人
Robber barons and silicon sultans强盗大亨与硅谷国王
Today's tech billionaires have a lot in common with a previous generation of capitalist titans—perhaps too much for their own good
维多利亚大学学费当今的科技亿万富翁同上一代的大资本家有许多共同之处——也许，这对他们是有很多好处的。Jan 3rd 2015 | From the print edition of The Economist译者：老狒狒IN THE 50 years between the end of the American civil war in 1865 and the outbreak of the first world war in 1914, a group of entrepreneurs spearheaded America's transformation from an agricultural into an industrial society, built gigantic business empires and amasd huge fortunes. In 1848 John J. Astor, a merchant trader, was America's richest man with $20m (now $545m). By the time the United States entered the first world war, John D. Rocksubject是什么意思efeller had become it
s first billionaire.在美国内战结束的1865年至第一次世界大战爆发的1914年的50年间，一群企业家带领美国完成了从农业社会到工业社会的转变。构建了巨大的商业帝国，累积了巨额的财富。1848年，商品交易商John J. Astor是美国首富，身价2000万美元（合现在的54.5亿美元）。到美国加入一战时，约翰·D·洛克菲勒已经成为美国的第一位亿万富翁。In the 50 years since Data General introduced the first mini-computers in the late 1960s, a group of entrepreneurs have spearheaded the transformation of an industrial age into an information society, built gigantic business empires and acquired huge fortunes. When he died in 1992, Sam Walton, the fouuntil younder of Walmart, was probably America's richest man with $8 billion. Today Bill Gates occupies that position with $82.3 billion.在数据通用公司于上世纪60年代末期引进了第一台微型机算计至今的50年中，一群企业家在带领美国从工业时代向信息社会转变的过程中，构建了巨大的商业帝国，获取了巨额的财富。当沃尔玛创始人山姆·沃尔顿在1992年去世时，身价80亿美元的他可能是美国当时的首富。今天，比尔·盖茨以823亿美元占据这个位置。The first group is now known as the robber barons. The cond lot—call them the silicon sultans—could face a similar fate. Like their predecessors, they were once revered as inventive mould-breakers, delivering gadgets to
the mass. 身心灵培训But just like Rockefeller and the other “malefactors of great wealth”, the new capitalists are losing their sheen. They have been diversifying into business that have little to do with computers, while egotistically proclaiming that they alone can solve mankind's problems, from ageing to space travel. More pointedly, they stand accud of being greedy businessfolk who suborn politicians, employ sweatshop labour, stiff other shareholders and, especially, monopoli markets. Rockefeller once controlled 韩国语翻译80% of the world's supply of oil: today Google has 90% of the arch market in Europe and 67% in the United States.第一群企业家就是如今被称为“强盗大亨”的人。第二群企业家——姑且称之为硅谷国王——可能面临同样的命运。像他们的前辈一样，他们也曾经被尊称为富有创造力的开拓者，能为大众带来花样百出的数码产品。但是，就像洛克菲勒和其他“罪恶的大富豪”一样，新一代的资本家正在逐渐失去他们的光环。他们一边拿出一部分资金进入与计算机毫不相干的商业领域，一边自恋地宣称他们能够独自解决从长生不老到星际旅行的人类难题。说得难听一点，他们是一群背着贪婪骂名的商业大鳄，干着与政客狼狈为奸、剥削血汗工厂的劳动力、陷害其他股东，特别是垄断市场的勾当。洛克菲勒曾一度控制了全世界80％石油供应。如今，谷歌占有90％的欧洲搜索市场和67％的美国搜索市场。
设计师谈单技巧Together, the two groups throw light on some of the most enduring themes of American history—both the country's extraordinary ability to generate vast wealth and its enduring ambivalence about concentrations of power. Henry Ford, the youngest of the robber barons, once said that history is more or less bunk. He was wrong. The silicon sultans have the advantage of being able to learn from their predecessors' mistakes. It is not entirely clear that they are doing so.这两群人加起来为美国历史上一些最经久不衰的主题——产生大批富人的特殊能力和长久的对于权力集中的矛盾心态——提供了注解。作为强盗大亨中最年轻的一位，亨利·福特曾经说：历史，多多少少是胡言乱语。他错了。硅谷的国王们拥有从前辈的错误中吸取教训的有力条件。但是，他们是否正在这样做就不完全清楚了。History rhymesperturbed
sottile
