Model Test
Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Decrea of Public Transportation Ticket Fare. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:
1. 近来一些城市政府实施多项举措降低公共交通票价，大力发展公共交通；
2. 此措施带来的好处；
3. 作为市民应如何响应政府的号召。
The Decrea of Public Transportation Ticket Fare
The Debate Over Genetically Modified Foods
For thousands of years farmers have ud a process of lection and cross breeding to continually improve the quality of crops. Traditional breeding methods are slow, requiring intensive labor: while trying to get a desirable trait in a bred species, undesirable traits will appear and farmers must continue the process over and over again until all the undesirables are bred out. In contrast, organisms acquire one specific gene or a few genes together through genetic modification, without other traits included and within a single generation. However, this technology too is inherently unpredictable and some scientists believe it can produce potentially dangerous results unless better testing methods are developed. Traditional breeding is bad on xual reproduction between like organisms. The transferred genes are similar to genes in the cell they join. They are conveyed in complete groups and in a fixed quence that harmonizes with the quence of genes in the partner cell. In contrast, bioengineers isolate a gene from one type of organism and collect it randomly into the DNA of a dissimilar species, disrupting its natural quence. One of the main differences between conventional and genetically modified crops is that the former involves cross either within species or between very cl
oly related species. However, GM crops can have genes from cloly related species or even from bacteria and virus. Benefits: one side of the debate Economical? GM supporters tell farmers that they stand to reap enormous profits from growing GM crops. It takes a shorter time to produce the desired product. It is preci and there are no unwanted genes. To produce the GM crops, modern biotechnology is ud which requires highly skilled people and sophisticated and expensive equipment. Large companies need considerable investments in laboratories, equipment and human resources, hence the reason why GM crops are more expensive for farmers than traditional crops. Herbicide-resistant crops So what other advantages do GM crops hold for farmers? GM crops can be produced to be herbicide会计核算原则 (ated除草剂) resistant. This means that farmers could spray the crops with herbicide and kill the weeds, without affecting the crop. In effect, the amount of herbicide ud in one ason would be reduced, with a subquent reduction in costs for farmers and consumers. Biotechnology companies are even experimenting with crops that can be genetically modified to be drought and salt-tolerant, or less reliant on fertilizer, opening up new areas to be farmed and leading to incdrill
read productivity. However, the claims of less herbicide usage with GM crops have till now not been independently supported by facts. Better quality foods Even animals can be genetically modified to be leaner, grow faster, and need less food. They could be modified to have special characteristics, such as greater milk production in cows. The modifications again lead to improved productivity for farmers and finally lower costs for the consumers. Modified crops could perhaps prevent outbreaks such as foot and mouth dia, which has badly influenced many farmers and local economies. No such products have been relead to date; however, some are under consideration for relea. For example, GM salmon, capable of growing almost 30 times faster than natural salmon, may soon be approved by the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) in the U.S. for relea into open waters without a single study on the impact on human health or the environment. Risks: the other side of the debate Environmental damage The problem with GM crops is that there is little known about what effect they will have in, say, 20 years time. The genetic structure of any living organism is complex and GM crop tests focus on short-term effects. Not all the effects of introducing a foreign gene into the compl
ex genetic structure of an organism are tested. Will the pests that a crop was created to resist eventually become resistant to this crop? Then there is always the possibility that we may not be able to destroy GM crops once they spread into the environment. Risk to food web. A further complication is that the pesticide produced in the crop may unintentionally harm creatures. GM crops may also po a health risk to native animals that eat them. The animals may be poisoned by the built-in pesticides. Tests in the U.S. showed that 44% of caterpillars (毛虫) of the monarch butterfly died when fed large amounts of pollen（花粉）from GM corn. Dia. Another concern is dia. Since some crops are modified using the DNA from virus and bacteria, will we e new dias emerge? What about the GM crops that have antibiotic-resistant marker genes? Marker genes are ud by scientists to determine whether their genetic modification of a plant was successful. Will the antibiotic-resistant genes be transferred to microorganisms that cau dia? We already have a problem with ineffective antibiotics. How can we develop new drugs to fight the new bugs? Until further studies can show that GM foods and crops do not po rious threats to human health or the w
orld's ecosystems, the debate over their relea will continue. Living organisms are complex and tampering with their genes may have unintended effects. It is in our common interest to support concerned scientists and organizations, such as Friends of the Earth who demand required labeling of the food products and independent testing for safety and environmental impacts.
1. What is the main difference between conventional breeding and genetic breeding?
新概念作文大赛A) The former is bad on xual reproduction between like organisms while the latter can have genes even from bacteria and virus.
B) The former is unpredictable while the latter is predictable.
C) The former is applied by farmers while the latter by scientists.
D) The former has a long history while the latter a short one.
2. Which of the following is the possible benefit of GM crops?
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A) They can be herbicide-resistant. B) They can fertilize the field.
C) They can produce salt. D) They can be more delicious.
3. What will probably happen to the genetically modified animals?
A) They may grow slower. B) They may improve the production.
C) They may digest more food. D) They may spread dia quickly.
4. What can we learn from GM salmon according to the passage?
A) It can grow very slowly. B) It will eat less.
C) It won't do harm to environment. D) It may cau some dia.
5. The reason why GM crops will probably lead to environmental damage is that .
A) GM crop tests do not focus on far-reaching effects
B) there are no GM crop tests before they are being approved of
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C) there is no single study on the impact of GM crops on the environment
D) GM crops may bring out foot or mouth dia
6. This article has mentioned risks about GM crops.
A) six B) five C) four D) three
7. The author's attitude towards GM crops is .
A) objective B) biad C) affirmative D) negative
8. The native animals that eat GM crops might be poisoned by__________.
9. Scientists relied on Marker genes to test the results of __________.
10. Friends of the Earth claim that all GM food should be tested for__________.
Questions 47 to 56 are bad on the following passage.
More than forty women have been killed in the war in Iraq. Hundreds of others have been ___ 47___.The war began in March of 2003.Two___ 48___published books tell two different stories of women who rved in Iraq. One is by Janis Karpinski. She was the Army general who ___ 49___military police at prisons in Iraq. The included the Army Rerve soldiers who ___ 50___ the Abu Ghraib Prison near Baghdad. Some have received prison ___51_for mistreating prisoners at Abu Ghraib. Miz Karpinski became the highest-level officer to be punished in connection with the ___ 52___.She left the rvice in July after being reduced from a brigadier general(准将) to a colonel(上校).Her book is called “One Woman's Army: The Commanding General of Abu Ghraib Tells Her Story.” Miz Karpinski says she was unfairly blamed for conditions beyond her control. She also tells of her difficulties as a rising woman ___ 53___in the Army. Another former member of the Army, Kayla Williams, wrote a book called “Love My Rifle More Than You.” The name is taken from a ___ 54___ song. Miz Williams was an Arabic translator in Iraq. She says her book describes what it is like to be young and ___ 55__ in the Army. One famous 56 called it “a frank, hocking and honest look at life in the military.”
A) abud F) ca K) marching
B) female G) commanded L) simply
C) wounded H) soldier M) guarded
D) officer I) reviewer N) beautifulbetrayal
E) treatments J) recently O) ntences
Section
Directions: There are 2 passages in this ction. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on 环球在线Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 52 to 56 are bad on the following passage.
aids是什么病的简称
Iron production was revolutionized in the early eighteenth century when coke was first ud instead of charcoal (木炭) for refining iron ore. Previously the poor quality of the iron had restricted its u in architecture to items such as chains and tie bars for supporting arches, vaults (拱顶),and walls. With the improvement in refining ore, it was now possible to make cast-iron beams and columns. During the nineteenth century further advances were made, notably Besmer's process for converting iron into steel, webrviceswhich made the material more commercially feasible.
