state大学英语四级分类模拟题497
(总分210,考试时间90分钟)
Part Ⅰ Writing
1. Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief account of student"s increasing reliance on technology to solve problems, and then explain the conquence of over-dependence on it. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
extra
"You have to solve this problem by yourlf. You can"t call tech support."
仓储费Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehensionsingle ladies歌词
Passage One
美国 大学 排名A New Excu for Unsuccessful Investors
Economists work on the assumption that people act rationally. If only life were that simple. Investors certainly don"t always act as they should. Among other unwi acts, they trade too much, do not diversify their portfolios (投资组合) enough and are reluctant to discard underperforming stocks. They may have been born to behave that way. A recent study into investment behavior by Stephan Siegel of Arizona State University"s WP Carey School of Business, and Henrik Cronqvist of Claremont McKenna College, illuminates the role that genes play in determining investment decisions.
The authors examine the investment behavior of 15,208 pairs of Swedish twins, using data from the country"s twin registry and its tax authority, which until 2007 **prehensive records on every financial transaction. Controlling for various factors, they find that identic
al twins, who share all their genes, were more similar in their investing behavior than fraternal twins (异卵双胞胎) , who share about half their genes.
守护甜心85hearThe authors calculate that genetic factors account for between a quarter and half of the variations in irrational investment behavior between individuals. The factors are at work across more dimensions than just investing. Twins who showed a bias towards buying familiar shares rather than unknown ones, for example, also showed a preference for living clor to their place of birth and for marrying a spou from the same region. Investors with large portfolios were particularly susceptible (易受……影响的) to genetic influences.
diwali festivalIf genes explain up to a half of the variations in investment behavior, what governs the rest? The authors also calculated the impact of shared environmental influences on the twins as well as the effect of experiences unique to one half of a twin pair. Common childhood experiences like schooling were found to have almost no influence on investment behavior. But individual experiences explain half of the variations between twin pairs—as much as, and often more than, genes.
The study has its limitations. It looks at data from only one country during a limited period of time, for example. But it suggests that attempts to persuade people to invest more rationally have some big inbuilt (生来就有的) bias to **e.
1. How do economists think about investors?电影推荐
A. They do lots of stupid things.
B. They trade as much as they can.
C. They are reluctant to change.
D. They always make right decisions.
2. How did the authors do the rearch?
A. They looked at the data from Swiss.
B. They checked all the behaviors of the twins.
loaC. They examined the investment behavior of twins.
D. They investigated less than 2,000 pairs of twins.
3. What role do the genetic factors play in irrational investment?
A. They account for 50% of the variations at most.
B. They barely have any influence on twins.
C. They make twins buy similar shares.
D. They affect investing in different ways.
4. What can explain the variations in investment behavior except genes?
A. Environmental influences.
B. Schooling experiences.
C. Childhood memories.
D. Individual experiences.
5. What does the author of this article think of the study?
A. Its limitations can be overlooked.
